http://www.rgube.com/green-roofs daily 0.75 2019-03-29 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1462021402999-Q70NEADJQ9AU9B771YHF/Untitled-2.jpg Green Roofs https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1462178975839-XST4SZZYCOB978N1QO49/green+roof.jpg Green Roofs Green roofs have been proposed for sustainable buildings in many countries with different climatic conditions. A state-of-the-art review of green roofs emphasizing current implementations, technologies, and benefits is presented in this paper. Technical and construction aspects of green roofs are used to classify different systems. Environmental benefits are then discussed mainly by examining measured performances. By reviewing the benefits related to the reduction of building energy consumption, mitigation of urban heat island effect, improvement of air pollution, water management, increase of sound insulation, and ecological preservation, this paper shows how green roofs may contribute to more sustainable buildings and cities. However, an efficient integration of green roofs needs to take into account both the specific climatic conditions and the characteristics of the buildings. Economic considerations related to the life-cycle cost of green roofs are presented together with policies promoting green roofs worldwide. Findings indicate the undeniable environmental benefits of green roofs and their economic feasibility. Likewise, new policies for promoting green roofs show the necessity for incentivizing programs. Future research lines are recommended and the necessity of cross-disciplinary studies is stressed. Current output: Publication 1 + Publication 2 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1462065156310-QKQM51ENZB1PU3OZ63IR/green+roof.jpg Green Roofs http://www.rgube.com/dsfs daily 0.75 2016-08-08 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1470624933926-AVVRMBCKQUXDHENP52P7/DSF.jpg DSFs With the global target to promote energy saving in buildings, various studies draw attention to the role of environmentally benign building envelopes. In this regard, double-skin façades (DSFs) have been proposed as a promising passive building technology to enhance the energy efficiency and improve the indoor thermal comfort at the same time. A comprehensive analysis of the current design of DSFs, and their technical aspects is presented in this paper. Construction characteristics of DSFs are also reported. The impacts of DSFs on the energy efficiency and thermal performance are discussed by looking at measured and simulated performances. Findings confirm that significant benefits result from using DSFs. Finally, research opportunities are outlined for further investigation. Current output: Publication 1 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1462372769520-6E4Y4YWSG8UPQFIUBQRZ/DSF.jpg DSFs http://www.rgube.com/uhi-review daily 0.75 2019-03-29 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1470625535286-MFXTVVHHZKIETVQRDM4D/UHI+REV.jpg UHI Review https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1470626618282-WSFG48T450LY07RV6821/UHI+REV2.jpg UHI Review Observing the rapid urban expansions and numerous infrastructure developments in the East-Asian context, many cities are suffering the urban heat island (UHI) effect and its associated environmental and social challenges. Moreover, the lack of sufficient attention to the application of effective heat mitigation strategies in current urban development in these cities can drastically intensify the eventual impacts of UHI. Therefore, many governmental sectors and policy makers have been implementing operative solutions for cooling cities. Nevertheless, this study argues that in Kuala Lumpur, despite the growing attention to this matter, there is still a need for more rigorous consideration by the architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) professionals as well as more scholarly studies to reflect sustainable solutions to the UHI effect. As a result, today, some of the dense urban areas in Kuala Lumpur are characterized with the use of thermally massive building’s materials, urban surfaces with low albedo, complex urban morphology, waste heat, and low density of vegetation. On the other hand, recent studies demonstrate that there has been a rapidly increasing interest in studies related to UHI in other East Asian regions such as Singapore and Hong Kong. Hence, this study develops a comparative analysis to provide a state-of-the-art review of the recent attempts towards mitigating the UHI effect in Kuala Lumpur, Singapore, and Hong Kong. Among several available UHI mitigation strategies, this study is limited to the analysis of the environmental impacts of urban vegetation (green roofs, green facades, vertical greeneries and green pavements). Findings reveal that in general, urban greening can significantly mitigate the UHI intensity, both directly and indirectly, resulting in the decrease of global air temperature and mean radiant temperature up to 4 ˚C and 4.5 ˚C respectively. Overall, the study develops new practical guidelines, discusses the public benefits and elaborates on the future directions of UHI studies. Current output: Publication 1 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1462430040669-NUMXOA0NGOO3A36GMKH9/UHI+REV.jpg UHI Review http://www.rgube.com/green-roof-in-the-um-campus daily 0.75 2016-07-07 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1467874369419-NUB21GH3MEUX35TZWM4B/green+roof+UM.jpg DEVELOPMENT OF A GREEN ROOF IN THE UM CAMPUS https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1467874400871-CYEN3YBMY1ZRST78NY28/green+roof+UM.jpg DEVELOPMENT OF A GREEN ROOF IN THE UM CAMPUS http://www.rgube.com/new-gallery-1 daily 0.75 2018-09-22 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1537589742415-8HGFC1XQ4YG0AJHVSKZU/Ali.jpg New Gallery https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1537589742415-8HGFC1XQ4YG0AJHVSKZU/Ali.jpg New Gallery https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1537589740939-B5Z5FAB6JS1VU7HUB279/amirhosein_ghaffarianhoseini.jpg New Gallery http://www.rgube.com/new-gallery-17 daily 0.75 2016-05-15 http://www.rgube.com/concrete-vs-bamboo-houses daily 0.75 2016-08-08 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1470628861878-R4NWQH42510O1A7TH6ML/bamboo.jpg Concrete Vs Bamboo Houses https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1462536064413-EZVG9O1YEBSP0FHM0A27/bamboo.jpg Concrete Vs Bamboo Houses http://www.rgube.com/urban-villages daily 0.75 2019-03-29 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1467866345986-OADGMDTS9USUTXNFULB4/uv.jpg Urban Villages A plethora of studies have surfaced associating neighbourhood elements to social cohesion and integration, indicating the importance of quality neighbourhood design and facilities. From the macro planning of neighbourhoods to local management of facilities and amenities, most researches seem to agree that the quality physical environment encourages social interaction. While Malaysia recognises the importance of national unity and social integration as part of the Malaysian Vision 2020, urban villages in Malaysia are still left in a state of dilapidation. Commonly associated with long standing traditions and socio-cultural heritage, these urban villages suffer from the ineffective management, inadequate maintenance, and insufficient neighbourhood facilities. Hence, this paper focuses on one type of urban village in Malaysia– the ‘New Village’ or NV. Being products of post-war conflicts, NVs are predominantly inhabited by the ethnic Chinese communities and are pockets of culturally and ethnically homogenous communities buried within an ethnically diverse city. Thus, possessing a strong sense identity as an ethnic Chinese settlement. The paper explores the causal relationship between satisfaction towards neighbourhood facilities, length of residence, and social trust by employing the structural equation model. Results supports previous literatures showing that satisfaction towards neighbourhood facilities is a significant predictor of social trust which can be divided communal and leadership trust, whereas length of residence isnot a significant predictor of leadership trust. Hence, the maintenance and enhancement of social trust cannot be relied solely on socio-cultural heritage and traditions. Efforts need to be done to improve the perception and satisfaction of residence in regards to neighbourhood facilities with priority given to commercial and educational facilities as they tend to affect the general satisfaction towards neighbourhood facilities most. Current output: Publication https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1462097471663-Z9G2KR0UN2B2SA87WCY6/uv.jpg Urban Villages http://www.rgube.com/liveability-of-urban-public-spaces daily 0.75 2019-03-29 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1470627371571-F915PAFHLUAXV2CGYPM6/public+art.jpg Liveability of Urban Public Spaces The rapid urban expansion in East-Asian cities has increased the need for comfortable public spaces. This study presents field measurements and parametric simulations to evaluate the microclimatic characteristics in a university campus in the tropical climate of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The study attempts to identify the thermally uncomfortable areas and their physical and design characteristics while debating on the circumstances of enhancing the outdoor comfort conditions for the campus users. Simulations in Envi-met and IES-VE are used to investigate the current outdoor thermal conditions, using classic thermal metric indices. Findings show high levels of thermal discomfort in most of the studied spaces. As a result, suggestions to improve the design quality of outdoor areas optimizing their thermal comfort conditions are proposed. The study concludes that effective re-design of outdoor spaces in the tropics, through adequate attention to the significant impacts of shading and vegetation, can result in achieving outdoor spaces with high frequency of use and improved comfort level. Current output: Publication 1 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1462160147033-JWBTM8QN2I96EB8XDQVE/public+art.jpg Liveability of Urban Public Spaces http://www.rgube.com/lca-assessment daily 0.75 2016-08-08 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1462634784947-1C1HUDAJSBL0XLA0VRIB/LCA2.jpg LCA Assessment This study reviews the application of Life-cycle Assessment (LCA) in the construction industry. This study is limited to classifying the outputs of the construction industry into three main groups, namely residential buildings, non-residential buildings, and civil engineering construction. It is identified that the life-cycle approach for building assessments in the construction industry has been mainly used for environmental, energy, and cost evaluations. These evaluation systems aim to enlighten decision makers about building performances. Application of LCA in the construction industry is expected to enhance built environment sustainability through mitigating negative environmental impacts and optimizing building energy performance. This study also identifies three challenges of applying LCA in the construction industry: uncertainty, complexity, and standardization. The significance of integrating Building Information Modeling (BIM) implementation with LCA is further discussed. This study closes by proposing future directions for advancement of LCA in the construction industry. Current output: Publication (In Process) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1462371803909-H8Q7XIIXBRRVZDY5ZNBD/LCA2.jpg LCA Assessment http://www.rgube.com/outdoor-thermal-comfort- daily 0.75 2019-03-29 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1553897000770-YW4JF4AXFVIIL171KVBD/outdoor%2Bthermal%2Bcomfort.jpg Outdoor Thermal Comfort In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the design of courtyards for the microclimatic enhancement of outdoor spaces. However, there is still little knowledge regarding the thermal performance characteristics of courtyards, particularly in hot and humid climates. This study evaluates the ability of unshaded courtyards for providing thermally comfortable outdoor spaces according to different design configurations and scenarios, including the orientations, height and albedo of wall enclosure, and use of vegetation. The software ENVI-met was used as a tool for simulating the thermal performance of courtyards in the hot and humid climate of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The PMV and the number of hours per day that a courtyard could be enjoyed once the proposed design suggestions were implemented are assessed. Likewise, the Physiologically Equivalent Temperature (PET) index allowed to further explore the thermal comfort conditions of courtyards. As a result, guidelines are proposed in order to optimize the design of courtyards towards enhancing their thermal performance characteristics. In particular, the study shows that according to design parameters such as the building height ratio, an abundance in the amount vegetation the courtyard can achieve an acceptable level of thermal comfort for the tropics and may be enjoyed by its users for a long duration of daytime even during the noontime. Finally, this paper stresses that only well designed courtyards may represent a valid option for sustainable built environments. Current output: Publication 1 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1462100120289-L3NFSATK4M9AM3LR7PTN/outdoor+thermal+comfort.jpg Outdoor Thermal Comfort http://www.rgube.com/smart-homes daily 0.75 2016-07-07 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1462546855558-BMB2M99DZ2A43F1EY7TT/smart.jpg Smart Homes In the context of intelligent environments, the smart houses are often pointed as one of the main constituents of smarter living environments. This study attempts to theoretically analyze case models of smart houses in order to identify their essence and characteristics. The results show that the most significant intelligent values embodied in smart houses embrace technologies of the functional automation. In fact, smart houses are substantially intertwined with integrated ICT technologies which aim to ensure comfortable living environments. Despite the identified challenges, the proliferation of smart houses into urban areas requires an integration of them in the city for creating intelligent environments. As a result, the promotion and integration of smart houses with other smarter elements of cities could archive a significant enhancement of the quality of life and a stronger urban sustainability. Current output: Publication 1 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1462084776754-2VZJVIXH96TER5HZBPL9/smart.jpg Smart Homes http://www.rgube.com/green-campus daily 0.75 2019-03-30 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1553906070990-P27DOJAM4Q4CMJ5ZJN46/green%2Bcamp.jpg Green Campus https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1462536704081-7SBVMF4BV737TVZDVCT9/green+camp.jpg Green Campus http://www.rgube.com/new-gallery-3 daily 0.75 2016-05-04 http://www.rgube.com/new-gallery-81 daily 0.75 2016-05-15 http://www.rgube.com/ecologically-sustainable-design daily 0.75 2016-07-07 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1462547251190-JW2KAYBVSZ671ZHNVQTK/ecolog+sust+des.jpg Ecologically Sustainable Design Today, due to the penetration of modernization based upon advanced technologies within developed cities, intelligent buildings are rapidly growing within urban areas. Accordingly, smart housing as a major constituent of intelligent buildings is deemed to have become the prominent choice of the new generation of inhabitants rather than conventional housing. According to the negative effects of global warming and the lack of natural resources, it is theorized that the application of ecologically sustainable design (ESD) in smart housing could develop greener sustainable built environments while reducing energy wastage to the minimum level. Therefore, the fundamental role of modern housing development with regard to creating better housing opportunities for future communities must be intertwined with this theory. However, it is argued that integration of ecologically sustainable features into the design of modern hosing is neglected in many cases. In view of this fact, with respect to the prominent role of intelligent buildings towards sustainability, the study draws attention to the concept of incorporating intelligent building systems and ESD principles in order to reduce the environmental damages while enhancing the ecosystem services. Accordingly, the study aims to elucidate the significant task of ESD for sustainable developments based on theories, implementations and challenges. Current output: Publication 1 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1462159243098-5DM0JMCBG44AYNQI6WX6/ecolog+sust+des.jpg Ecologically Sustainable Design http://www.rgube.com/creative-technologies-in-smart-home daily 0.75 2016-09-14 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1462633325321-1Y1W2VOLF0DVNKIZFPPY/creat+tech+smt+home.jpg Creative Technologies in Smart Home Smart homes have been predominantly pointed as one of the key constituents of intelligent environments. These are residential units substantially integrated with a communicating network of sensors and intelligent systems based on the application of new design initiatives and creative technologies. This study provides a holistic overview on the essence of smart homes besides demonstrating their current status, benefits and future directions. The study reveals that smart homes embrace significant potentials towards achieving comfort, security, independent lifestyle and enhanced quality of life. Findings urge the necessity to focus on further exploration of the social and environmental benefits derived from the application of creative technologies in smart homes. The study concludes that smart homes play a fundamental role in shaping the future cities. Finally, the study identifies a research gap indicating that there has been less consideration towards linking the fundamental potentials of smart homes to the overall performance and key indicators of smart cities. Current output: Publication 1 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1462535062767-LKNZBYJ9WILEHCT3RGSO/creat+tech+smt+home.jpg Creative Technologies in Smart Home http://www.rgube.com/architectural-design-vs-cultural-clashes daily 0.75 2016-07-07 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1467892403449-S8OPJDQFQB45RQUGPA05/culture+clash.jpg ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN VS CULTURAL CLASHES Malaysian youth has been culturally diverse for more than 1500 years since the Malay kingdom welcomed traders from China and India. They brought many different commodities and different cultures and religions. This unique cultural identity has resulted in young people being brought up in a variety of different ways, with different beliefs and ideologies. When these young people convene at communal spaces such as universities, inter-cultural miscommunication and clashes among them can arise as the different cultures collide. These clashes clearly portray the disadvantages of cultural diversity in communities, which may lead to segregation among students. As such, the purpose of this research study was to investigate techniques of improving architectural designs of universities in order to minimize cultural clashes among youth. A theoretical study of university students was conducted to find out their methods of socializing and how they cooperate with each other in the environment created at universities. An analysis of the theoretical study was carried out to investigate how the architecture of the buildings increases or decreases the risk of cultural clashes and conflicts among students. This study concentrates on a theoretical framework based on a literature review conducted. Journal articles on the research topic were critically analysed and background information on the topic was gathered. The results revealed that a naturally and brightly illuminated environment, together with an open planned structure, encourages better interaction among the students and allows for improved communication and openness. This improved communication enhances cultural unity among the students. The research gathered for this study thus concludes that the use of the communicative role of architecture together with open design, attractive interiors and good security of the built environment reduces clashes among the youth, resulting in harmonious and conducive environments that are ideal at universities. Current output: Publication 1 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1463285822063-VPX4RS676K9Q083TFCMI/culture+clash.jpg ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN VS CULTURAL CLASHES http://www.rgube.com/new-gallery-26 daily 0.75 2016-05-15 http://www.rgube.com/climate-responsive-building-facades daily 0.75 2016-07-07 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1462546415162-ZOGBKEM21SO18Z0F247G/facade.jpg Climate-Responsive Building Facades The building sector accounts for approximately 40% of total global energy usage. Energy consumption for space heating and cooling makes up 60% of the total consumed energy in buildings. This paper presents a comprehensive technical review of passive wall systems in building envelopes while discussing their respective capabilities in optimizing energy efficiency. Different types of energy efficient walls such as Trombe Walls, Autoclaved Aerated Concrete Walls, Double Skin Walls, and Green Walls are explored. Furthermore, novel concepts for optimizing energy efficiency in building envelopes are also introduced. Finally the utilization of passive wall systems to save energy while improving the building environmental impacts is discussed. Current output: Publication 1 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1462158283563-43MD9CO5P4HYCQAN4S94/facade.jpg Climate-Responsive Building Facades http://www.rgube.com/urban-resilience daily 0.75 2016-07-07 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1467874979981-MW915NXAX2TM2V3C6JSO/Urban+resilience.jpg Urban Resilience https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1467875023601-UO82ENC155BGU58L908C/Urban+resilience.jpg Urban Resilience http://www.rgube.com/vernacular-houses daily 0.75 2016-07-07 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1462587891299-WPKOPLHF1IY6VMTF5SZE/vernacular.jpg Vernacular Houses Today, the contemporary residential design has been promoted in cities without concerns of the essence of vernacular houses. Recent studies declare that the quality of contemporary residential spaces is often poorly linked to traditions and value of each region. In view of the rapid modernization of Malaysia, the kampong houses as Malay vernacular built environments have been replaced by modern residential design. Thus, several aspects of kampong which embody major vernacular values are lost. Accordingly, many Malay inhabitants still prefer to live in houses that are based on their own traditions. This is because quality of housing as one of the fundamental factors in enhancing the quality of life is not fully in line with their daily lifestyle and local environmental characteristics. Hence, the congruency among local daily functions, environmental characteristics of region, and vernacular functional spatial features is perceived as a substantial principle for enhancing the quality of life. The study theorizes that the aforementioned congruity must be considered during the contemporary residential design in order to address the actual needs of users for enhancing their quality of life. In this line, theoretical analysis concludes that among all identified values, privacy and optimal use of space are the significant social values while natural ventilation is the most significant environmental value extracted from the analysis of Malay houses. Current output: Publication 1 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1462068223411-A1BA8PHBFDAUQOJSQ7FL/vernacular.jpg Vernacular Houses http://www.rgube.com/formal-exploration-in-architectural-design daily 0.75 2016-07-10 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1468118985821-T2LMKZKFP1ETDV8CC48J/formal.jpg Formal Exploration in Architectural Design - FORMAL REFLECTIONS IN ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN Current output: Publication 1   https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1462104026011-O0HJOTDAMNOWSSQTOWZ9/formal.jpg Formal Exploration in Architectural Design http://www.rgube.com/outdoor-thermal-comfort daily 0.75 2019-03-29 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1462547361029-MT7UB0SNMEHCOQB6PZ4T/thermal+comfort.jpg Outdoor Thermal Comfort In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the design of courtyards for the microclimatic enhancement of outdoor spaces. However, there is still little knowledge regarding the thermal performance characteristics of courtyards, particularly in hot and humid climates. This study evaluates the ability of unshaded courtyards for providing thermally comfortable outdoor spaces according to different design configurations and scenarios, including the orientations, height and albedo of wall enclosure, and use of vegetation. The software ENVI-met was used as a tool for simulating the thermal performance of courtyards in the hot and humid climate of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The PMV and the number of hours per day that a courtyard could be enjoyed once the proposed design suggestions were implemented are assessed. Likewise, the Physiologically Equivalent Temperature (PET) index allowed to further explore the thermal comfort conditions of courtyards. As a result, guidelines are proposed in order to optimize the design of courtyards towards enhancing their thermal performance characteristics. In particular, the study shows that according to design parameters such as the building height ratio, an abundance in the amount vegetation the courtyard can achieve an acceptable level of thermal comfort for the tropics and may be enjoyed by its users for a long duration of daytime even during the noontime. Finally, this paper stresses that only well designed courtyards may represent a valid option for sustainable built environments. Current output: Publication 1 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1462098899587-TA8FECZHE1AX6BCQ601U/thermal+comfort.jpg Outdoor Thermal Comfort http://www.rgube.com/new-gallery-2 daily 0.75 2016-05-04 http://www.rgube.com/zero-energy-intelligent-buildings daily 0.75 2016-07-07 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1462588973606-6CP2B5RW2ZX73LOUAXEB/zero+energy.jpg Zero Energy Intelligent Buildings It is noticed that intelligent buildings are aimed to consider social, environmental and economic values beside a substantial focus to the automated technological attributes. Due to many promising green building initiatives, the accelerated level of interests towards the applications of information technology and advanced control techniques in architecture design has been observed. With a viewpoint to the sustainable development of future cities, attributing the eventual impacts of climate change, various interrelated green building design approaches have been implemented. This study aims to elucidate the significant advancements of intelligent building design as a key constituent of eco-city development for creating greener and effective built environments. Current effort in this study is also geared toward considerable and practical implementations that were carried out in order to create buildings with zero energy consumption. Emphasis is placed upon reviewing the recent theories, attempts, implementations, and challenges towards the development of zero energy intelligent buildings (ZEIB). The findings inferred from the theoretical analysis confirm that the significant contribution of ZEIB concept will end up for the sustainable development of future eco-cities. Research output: Publication 1 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1462161364952-PXAVB7KHJRPBZC16KO3H/zero+energy.jpg Zero Energy Intelligent Buildings http://www.rgube.com/new-gallery-57 daily 0.75 2016-05-15 http://www.rgube.com/new-gallery-40 daily 0.75 2016-05-15 http://www.rgube.com/intelligent-buildings daily 0.75 2016-07-07 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1462545882525-4XG8AM2MWVFNZPTN8MXT/ib.jpg Intelligent Buildings In recent years, the notion of intelligent buildings (IBs) has become increasingly popular due to their potentials for deploying design initiatives and emerging technologies towards maximized occupants’ comfort and well-being with sustainable design. However, various definitions, interpretations, and implications regarding the essence of IBs exist. Various key performance indicators of IBs have been proposed in different contexts. This study explores the notion of IBs and presents an analysis of their main constituents. Through a comparison of these constituents in different contexts, this study aims to extract the common features of IBs leading to an evolved definition which could be useful as a reference framework for design, evaluation, and development of future IBs. Findings also scrutinize the long run benefits of IBs, while demonstrating the constraints and challenges of the current international interpretations. Current output: Publication 1 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1462065823934-H3BORZ0HIEWNLVDA404Y/ib.jpg Intelligent Buildings http://www.rgube.com/featured-in-professional-magazines daily 0.75 2016-09-14 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1468120743833-JX5ME0Y0PS36SA72EB0H/magazines.jpg Featured in Professional Magazines Current output: 1. GhaffarianHoseini A, GhaffarianHoseini AH, GhaffarianHoseini M. (2013). Design computing and cognition vs indirect sustainability achievement methodology, Design Concept 2 (2013), Discovery Publisher, Malaysia. 2. GhaffarianHoseini AH, GhaffarianHoseini A, GhaffarianHoseini M, Makaremi N. (2012). The essence of innovation in sustainable architecture and urban development, Architect Concept 6 (2012), Discovery Publisher, Malaysia. 3. GhaffarianHoseini AH, GhaffarianHoseini A, Tookey J, Naismith N, AlWaer H. (2015). The evolution of intelligent buildings, The Masterbuilder 17(8): 120-121. URL:http://www.masterbuilder.co.in/ebook/2015/August2015_eBook/index.html#p=108 4. GhaffarianHoseini, A., Tookey, J., GhaffarianHoseini, A., Naismith, N., & Dat, D. T. (2016). Future of Automated Construction. Progressive Building (NZIOB), (119-120). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1462104715428-0TVO5KE7RU8EKZKA8OBE/magazines.jpg Featured in Professional Magazines http://www.rgube.com/green-buildings daily 0.75 2016-07-10 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1462588727263-IFYD2S3KTXQF2ZZ15985/sust+energy.jpg Green Buildings This study targets to elucidate the essence of sustainability in green building design implementations. In this regard, the study draws attention to the sustainable energy performances of green buildings to identify the influential parameters based upon the contemporary successful accomplishments. The study elaborates on the contemporary trends and applications of green building design and the respective impacts on sustainable developments. As a result, the analytical review confirms that the sustainable energy performance of green buildings has been transformed to a sensible and practical resolution to alleviate the CO2 emissions and diminish the building sector energy consumption. In addition, with view to the current challenges and barriers, the study concludes that; it is still crucial to identify and develop efficient energy solutions associated with green buildings for addressing the future energy demands. Likewise, the findings highlight that the sustainable energy performances associated with integrated technologies and renewable energy systems are still intertwined with significant challenges related to the fundamental parameters of cost, maintenance, and operation. In conclusion, the contemplations of the research findings are recommended to be taken into consideration by architects, engineers and developers for the development of future eco-cities with an explicit viewpoint towards developing greener and smarter built environments. Current output: Publication 1 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1462158679414-YCVMYMXLWYV65SBXB6LB/sust+energy.jpg Green Buildings http://www.rgube.com/focus-group-on-cooling-cities daily 0.75 2016-08-08 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1470627565352-49RD68W0E72VKM7KPVAY/focus+group.jpg Focus Group on Cooling Cities https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1462272368920-TJVVU4IOA9JP89G3NEPC/focus+group.jpg Focus Group on Cooling Cities http://www.rgube.com/urban-heat-island daily 0.75 2019-03-29 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1462546118959-5P845355KRLT29PTI7Y0/uhi.jpg Urban Heat Island In recent years, given the unprecedented urbanization growth, there has been an increasing interest towards the mitigation of the urban heat island (UHI) effect. Numerous studies have drawn attention towards the necessity for designing thermally comfortable outdoor spaces for the microclimatic enhancement of the urban environments. In particular, the rapid urban expansion in East-Asian cities portrays the need for creating more outdoor spaces for recreational activities although there has been little knowledge regarding the thermal characteristics of outdoor spaces and their relation to the UHI impacts. This paper describes a field study about the thermal characteristics of different outdoor spaces located in a university campus within an urban area in a hot and humid climate for Kuala Lumpur. Both shaded and unshaded outdoor spaces under sunny, cloudy or rainy sky conditions are considered. As a result, guidelines to optimize the design of outdoor urban areas towards enhancing their thermal performance characteristics are finally proposed. Current output: Publication 1 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1462066951460-HJG6X8S339E44W6LUQKO/uhi.jpg Urban Heat Island http://www.rgube.com/prominence-of-intelligent-buildings daily 0.75 2016-07-07 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1462588100999-3XM3FEODEJOJPP9H3JNQ/ib+masterbuilde.jpg Prominence of Intelligent Buildings Climate change is of growing global concern with connectivity to rapid urban spatial expansions and worldwide population growth. Governments and policy makers endeavor to mitigate actual climate change, as well as seeking methods of attenuating future environmental impacts emanating from the built environment. With this globally polemic issue in mind, the interchangeably used concepts of smart and intelligent cities have endorsed future development of highly responsive, integrated, resilient, and adaptive urban environments with highly efficient energy utilization. These efforts are expected to moderate environmental threats, enhance quality of life and digitalize the essence of urban systems. Proliferating such urban environments towards adapting to climate change requires being inherently bound with green infrastructures. But future built environments should go beyond the scope of more ‘green objectives’. Application of innovative technologies and design should embrace potentials to sense and actuate both the environment and people. Implementation of these new smart technologies will raise in turn issues of governance, economic infrastructures, mobility, and well-being of citizens. This performance-optimizing approach will undeniably encompass the urban resilience adaptation concepts to foster environmentally benign and climate-friendly developments as part of the future planning for smart cities. Current output: Publication 1 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1462112501982-FN41TTXNV8NLBOJCI0TF/ib+masterbuilde.jpg Prominence of Intelligent Buildings http://www.rgube.com/schwane daily 0.75 2016-02-29 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/56d4a125e707eb7a02e4055f/1456861631707-Q984I9AX2NYXST1ORUVB/3.jpg Schwäne http://www.rgube.com/new-gallery-35 daily 0.75 2016-05-15 http://www.rgube.com/projects daily 0.75 2013-08-30 http://www.rgube.com/walkability-assessment-of-um-campus daily 0.75 2016-07-07 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1463906579215-XBS50EGSAE5ROPNPWGOP/walkable+camp.jpg WALKABILITY ASSESSMENT OF UM CAMPUS https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1467873948552-THVMQ8OS8E5XWNFRAXKS/walkable+camp.jpg WALKABILITY ASSESSMENT OF UM CAMPUS http://www.rgube.com/field-study-on-thermal-sensation-1 daily 0.75 2016-08-07 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1470564069723-ALDZJSDO81ZICD2TCADO/ts.jpg FIELD STUDY ON THERMAL SENSATION https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1470564069723-ALDZJSDO81ZICD2TCADO/ts.jpg FIELD STUDY ON THERMAL SENSATION http://www.rgube.com/energy-efficient-facades daily 0.75 2019-03-30 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1470563548294-0WLH6C1BMVBDHC41BBXD/iru+facades.jpg ENERGY EFFICIENT FACADES https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1470563504611-L0DAO0ICMZCJAINK4BR8/iru+facades.jpg ENERGY EFFICIENT FACADES Emerging environmental threats originating from rapid urbanization and the associated energy shortages, negative impacts of climate change, and sick building syndromes have led to government sectors and various construction-based professional bodies recognizing the need for developing effective sustainable building design strategies. As a result, growing interest in the development of effective solutions for enhancement of the sustainable energy performance of buildings has been observed in recent years. Along this line, building envelopes that separate the indoor outdoor environments, and in particular building façades, play a substantial role for energy saving in buildings. Nevertheless, this study argues that there is a lack of a systematic and comprehensive analysis of the available literature regarding the energy and thermal performance of building façades based on the various possible design and technical configurations, especially in hot and humid climates. Important decisions should be made by architects and engineers during the early design stages of buildings with viewpoints to the ultimate impacts of building physics on the overall energy performance and indoor comfort conditions of buildings. With such a research gap in existing literature, in these early stages many key façade attributes may be overlooked. Hence, this study attempts to develop a state-of-the-art analysis of the existing literature about the circumstances of optimizing the performance of building façades, particularly in hot and humid climates. Likewise, the study extracts practical lessons learned from AEC industry and demonstrates the current status of utilizing energy efficient building façades in recent construction developments in Malaysia (Kuala Lumpur) and Australia (Darwin). Finally, the study draws attention to the emerging innovative solutions for the design of building façades towards improving the energy efficiency of building sector and contributing to the sustainable development of cities. Current output: Publication 1 http://www.rgube.com/hygrothermal-modelling-mould-growth-prevention daily 0.75 2016-09-14 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1469718418778-240QQ7VTDOFDX69ZOQWJ/06+-+Hygro.jpg HYGROTHERMAL MODELLING & MOULD GROWTH PREVENTION https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1469718375054-XDPKZX1JMC1GRSBJ2RWH/06+-+Hygro.jpg HYGROTHERMAL MODELLING & MOULD GROWTH PREVENTION Designing an optimized building in terms of energy efficiency, sustainability and comfort requires comprehension of the building as a part of a complex and interchanging ecosystem. It is therefore crucial to assess the physical properties of materials in early stages of the design process to actively influence the future performance of the building. This approach combined with climate specific design allows for predicting problems before they occur. This paper investigates and reviews international research activities in hygrothermal and biohygrothermal modelling for mould growth prediction. Selected combination of materials enables passive buffering of relative humidity fluctuations and could prevent the microbiological growth on interior surfaces and in the air conditioning system. The study presents a holistic approach to the construction process that influences particularly the design procedure. As a result, some decisions shift towards the early stages of the design process e.g. material specifications, hygrothermal properties of the building envelope and climate specific aspects. The incorporation of whole building energy and hygrothermal simulation tools in the early design stages can prevent the underestimation of heating and cooling energy and further problems with mould growth and condensation. The study further indicates that the use of natural or natural based materials is advantageous due to their environmental benefits. This is because natural based renewable resources have low carbon properties and minimal processing requirements. Similarly, the hygric and thermal performance of natural materials has a positive influence on energy efficiency and comfort without having a negative impact on health and ecosystem. Current output: 1. PhD Dissertation (In Process) 2. Brauner, M., Tookey, J., & GhaffarianHoseini, A. (2016, June 22-24). Improving Building Hygrothermal Performance through Advanced Application of Building Materials: A Holistic Approach towards Mould Growth Prevention, Central Europe towards Sustainable Building (CESB), Innovations for Sustainable Future, Prague, Czech Republic. Status: Published 3. Brauner, M., GhaffarianHoseini, A., & Tookey, J. (2016). Holistic approach to application of moisture buffering in the design practice as prevention of mould growth and condensation. Building & Environment. Status: Under Review http://www.rgube.com/estimating-solar-radiations daily 0.75 2016-07-10 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1468120589024-NR81TB048DSF6QYCTB18/solar+rad.jpg ESTIMATING SOLAR RADIATIONS https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1468120323337-XRBVKS3KL94GCXM16FXP/solar+rad.jpg ESTIMATING SOLAR RADIATIONS In regions where solar energy is abundant, solar energy can play a vital role in attaining energy sustainability. Sizing solar energy systems requires the availability of solar radiation data on horizontal surface which can then be used to calculate solar radiation intensity on any tilted surface using appropriate conversion factors or formula. In many parts of the world, especially in developing countries, such data is not readily available. Many researchers have found that monthly average daily value of global solar radiation on horizontal surface can be estimated when meteorological parameters such as duration of sunshine, number of rainy days, relative humidity, etc. are available. Many empirical correlations have been developed based on this approach. The development of such a correlation has been made possible through the availability of solar and other meteorological data required for their validation. This paper presents a review on the existing empirical correlations and critically looks at the practicality of such correlations. This raises the question on the appropriateness of the past and present approaches adopted by researchers in this field. The paper also discusses various related aspects and proposes new directions for future research. Current output: Publication 1 http://www.rgube.com/qce-in-design-studies daily 0.75 2019-03-30 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1469716606949-C0P2V0N2O0QPSSMRX5US/15+-+QCE.jpg QCE IN DESIGN STUDIES https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1469716576417-OZPDE3MMR4SABLOIUNTJ/15+-+QCE.jpg QCE IN DESIGN STUDIES One of the most important aspects for development of valid results in academic research is selection of the appropriate research methodology. Contemporary research in design studies confronts the rapid expansion of emerging high-tech trends. Correspondingly, an adapted research methodology is required to meet the needs of current circumstances. This paper articulates employment of a quantitative computational research methodology for design studies. The research framework, implementation and validations are expressed in details. Computational charrette test method and computational emulation reasoning and representation are incorporated in order to validate the discussed research methodology outputs. In summary, the developed research methodology is articulated in details to enable further exploitations in academic research and practices. Current output: Publication 1 http://www.rgube.com/bim-cim-iot-digital-smart-cities daily 0.75 2016-09-14 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1469854391785-06YP8W9I14K98QS31DU8/04+-+BIM+CIM+IOT.jpg BIM CIM IOT: DIGITAL SMART CITIES https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1469854348716-2PI9DN2BT92OH28TJ3NG/04+-+BIM+CIM+IOT.jpg BIM CIM IOT: DIGITAL SMART CITIES Rapid urbanization across the globe and phenomenal advancements in internet of things (IoT) & digital technologies are paving the way towards effective integration of human, physical and digital systems residing in a built environment. Our cities are producing large amounts of data daily which if harnessed intelligently, not only result in living up to the challenges of today’s era such as improving the quality of life, sustainability and reduction of global warming but also holds key to extra ordinary growth, innovation & prosperity. A notion of smart World based on a network of smart cities is gaining significance converging cyber, social and physical domains. Taking advantage of Big Data infrastructure, a new City Information Modelling incorporating transformed BIM & GIS (Geographic information systems) platforms can provide the necessary tools for future Smart City planning, development & management. The research study would analyze the global adoption trends & role of various enabling technologies to simulate / analyze large datasets for potential growth of Smart Cities, smooth transformation of Big Data Analytics & BIM processes and propose a theoretical framework towards promotion and building of digital Smart Cities. Current output: PhD Dissertation (In Process) http://www.rgube.com/smart-meter-energy-optimization daily 0.75 2016-09-14 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1469697790593-CC3D3KLAUPH03MQXSFUD/16+-+Smart+meters.jpg SMART METERS & ENERGY OPTIMIZATION https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1469697357750-GJZIUYA572H0W1UHI7OK/16+-+Smart+meters.jpg SMART METERS & ENERGY OPTIMIZATION Smart metering technology provides the precise dataset of hourly residential electricity consumption which is then used to evaluate home load profile and analyze the proportion of underlying variables such as heating, cooling, ventilation and lighting. Based on smart-meter datasets, this research draws home load profiles in three weekday, weekend, and worst case scenarios. The results not only show the different peak loads on weekdays (9:00AM & 8:00PM) and weekends/holidays (11:00AM & 9:00PM) but also the amount of different factors (water heating, cooking, laundry, lighting) contributed to these peak loads. Outcomes of this research can be used later by either electricity utilities to predict overall residential load profile and especially peak load or by households to monitor home electricity usage and identify the optimum approach to sustainable residential electricity usage. Current output: Master Dissertation (2016) http://www.rgube.com/interoperability-of-bim-robot-react daily 0.75 2019-03-30 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1469717526601-GJSX0GB9RPW498H416NB/08+-+BIM+Robot.jpg INTEROPERABILITY OF BIM & ROBOT [REACT] https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1469717460227-S285ZQE8D1R3JKUTF075/08+-+BIM+Robot.jpg INTEROPERABILITY OF BIM & ROBOT [REACT] Poor design and imperfect documentation are of the main reasons leading to an unsuccessful project. The combination will increase time, cost and risk as the key elements for a project from construction management point of view. Rework, delays, variations and requests for information (RFI) are some of the negative consequences of design deficiency during the construction phase. Inadequate engineering designs and documentation cab be consequences of diverse causes such as unrealistic overall design time estimation, last minute variations, unstable design ideas, lack of coordination between disciplines, inexperienced design team and lack of effective BIM development. This research investigates a practical research about adoptability of integrating Revit and Robot (React) to increase BIM quality and design productivity for the New Zealand building industry. Outcomes of this research are expected to improve accuracy, quality and coordination ability among design firms. The research will also simulate a practicable BIM process complying with New Zealand building codes. Current output: Master Dissertation http://www.rgube.com/bim-housing-refurbishment daily 0.75 2016-09-14 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1469805700938-OPM1PR3EEAMW0QA888P7/05+-+BIM+Ref.jpg BIM & HOUSING REFURBISHMENT https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1469805656862-QMA6BSV4PEDG7LE0MY5O/05+-+BIM+Ref.jpg BIM & HOUSING REFURBISHMENT Building Information Modeling (BIM), has been rapidly transforming the construction industry globally in recent times. Though earlier research highlighted its holistic significance in improving the efficiency of construction projects, however, its impact on the energy retrofits in residential housing refurbishment industries is still required to be explored. It has been seen that BIM application achieved better results in larger projects, whereas housing refurbishment projects are usually small scale projects executed by small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). A deliberate and in depth review of the earlier research studies indicates that the current BIM implementation in the refurbishment projects lacks a clear framework to enable BIM adoption in residential housing retrofitting organizations. This paper addresses this research gap and reviews the limited nature of framework to adopt BIM in residential housing refurbishment sectors. This research identifies the significant barriers in adoption of BIM for sustainable housing refurbishment at the BIM Foundation Delivery (BIMFD) and investigates the externalities and internalities surrounding the retrofit sector in Auckland, New Zealand. In a nutshell, this research aims to review past studies on BIM application in the refurbishment of existing residential housing and highlights the problems likely to hinder BIM adoption within the retrofit sector. Identification and classification of these barriers will be useful to enable development of a better framework that enhances BIM implementation for sustainable refurbishment, at the pre-BIM stage or zero stage of BIM maturity level for industries. Current output: 1. PhD Dissertation (In Process) 2. GhaffarianHoseini A., Okakpu T., Doan D., Zhang T., Rehman A., GhaffarianHoseini, AH., Tookey& J., Naismith, N. (2016). Minimizing the Barriers to the Adoption of Building Information Modelling (BIM) For Sustainable Residential Housing Refurbishment, Building & Environment. Status: Under Review http://www.rgube.com/parametric-robotic-control-bim-framework-for-building-lifecycle-management daily 0.75 2019-03-30 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1469854206157-XA9RUJ3NWDSM72LA637Z/02+-+Robotic+LCA.jpg APPLICATIONS OF 5D BIM ON CONSTRUCTION SIMULATION https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1553920705096-06Q4XZVGIV4OU343H7LG/93+-+5D+BIM+Simulation.jpg APPLICATIONS OF 5D BIM ON CONSTRUCTION SIMULATION “ND Modelling” was first coined by the University of Salford to complement the 3D modelling of buildings with time, cost, sustainability, accessibility and maintenance. An “nD model” is an extension of the BIM models by integrating all the design information for a building facility throughout all lifecycle phases. Among these definitions, the term “3D BIM” can be translated to either building entities or spatial information: it commonly refers to x, y, and z; upon 3D BIM, 4D BIM adds an extra dimension of time-related information; paired with the scheduling, 5D BIM extracts accurate cost information, including predicted and actual costs. There is wide consensus in 3-5D BIM explanations. Current output: 5D BIM System http://www.rgube.com/social-trusts-in-urban-village daily 0.75 2016-07-28 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1467873882896-WPYA7BGPHHXN1IKLEI8S/social+trust.jpg Social Trusts in Urban Villages https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1467871074369-UDCX99C3P9O0V9ONQN86/social+trust.jpg Social Trusts in Urban Villages A plethora of studies have surfaced associating neighbourhood elements to social cohesion and integration, indicating the importance of quality neighbourhood design and facilities. From the macro planning of neighbourhoods to local management of facilities and amenities, most researches seem to agree that the quality physical environment encourages social interaction. While Malaysia recognises the importance of national unity and social integration as part of the Malaysian Vision 2020, urban villages in Malaysia are still left in a state of dilapidation. Commonly associated with long standing traditions and socio-cultural heritage, these urban villages suffer from the ineffective management, inadequate maintenance, and insufficient neighbourhood facilities. Hence, this paper focuses on one type of urban village in Malaysia– the ‘New Village’ or NV. Being products of post-war conflicts, NVs are predominantly inhabited by the ethnic Chinese communities and are pockets of culturally and ethnically homogenous communities buried within an ethnically diverse city. Thus, possessing a strong sense identity as an ethnic Chinese settlement. The paper explores the causal relationship between satisfaction towards neighbourhood facilities, length of residence, and social trust by employing the structural equation model. Results supports previous literatures showing thatsatisfaction towards neighbourhood facilities is a significant predictor of social trust which can be divided communal and leadership trust, whereas length of residence isnot a significant predictor of leadership trust. Hence, the maintenance and enhancement of social trust cannot be relied solely on socio-cultural heritage and traditions. Efforts need to be done to improve the perception and satisfaction of residence in regards to neighbourhood facilities with priority given to commercial and educational facilities as they tend to affect the general satisfaction towards neighbourhood facilities most. Current output: Publication (In Process) http://www.rgube.com/virtual-reality-integrated-project-delivery-1 daily 0.75 2019-03-30 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1469698748141-CJEX7CU0F6JN5JHFB16M/13+-+VR+mobile.jpg VIRTUAL REALITY & INTEGRATED PROJECT DELIVERY https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1469698647479-M9INPWXXM37IDX83PHEO/13+-+VR+mobile.jpg VIRTUAL REALITY & INTEGRATED PROJECT DELIVERY Researchers have indicated promising futures in regards to application of Virtual Reality (VR) for the AEC/FM industry. Technological advancements have allowed for utilization of highly-efficient computer-based cloud servers. To cater for this potential, contemporary AEC/FM practices demand application of higher-quantity and more-advanced mobile devices. Conventionally, contractors often rely on printed drawings, slides and videos to facilitate/inform on-site workers. These means are often out of date and fail to account for variabilities in usage patterns. On the other hand, establishment of comprehensive VR scenes require expensive hardware not perfectly suitable for on-site conditions, most specifically in conventional circumstances. Moreover, development of all-inclusive VR frameworks including various components namely; video roaming, VR scene creation, AEC/FM simulation, etc are usually not cost-effective and require considerably time/energy consuming efforts. Correspondingly, this research proposes an integrated methodology for utilizing BIM models in Unreal Engine 4 for mobile streaming services. Initially, BIM models for this research are generated by designers using Autodesk Revit. Subsequently, digital point-cloud terrain models from Satellites are transformed into GPS Elevation Fitting Models in World Machine. Next, BIM and GPS Elevation Fitting Models are integrated in Unreal Engine 4. Then, the Virtual Reality scenes are projected by GeForce Experience. Finally, Stream Theater is used in mobile devices such as mobile phones, pads, etc. to receive frames from the cloud server. Eventually, the proposed methodology is validated in the Bailintou Monastery project. The results of this research are expected to significantly reduce the work redundancy and hardware requirements while promoting the visualization of VR-based project presentations and user mobility adaptions. Current output: Publication 1 http://www.rgube.com/bim-in-deconstruction-demolition daily 0.75 2016-07-28 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1469717954375-1H06ES6WX2707F65TC2D/07+-+BIM+deconst.jpg BIM IN DECONSTRUCTION & DEMOLITION https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1469717910480-4ICLXTIBO6ZV6CPI1S7O/07+-+BIM+deconst.jpg BIM IN DECONSTRUCTION & DEMOLITION One of the most crucial ways by which built environment sustainability would come to fruition is the application of proper deconstruction and demolition techniques. Notwithstanding relatively a large number of research carried out with regard to the issue of buildings deconstruction and demolition in construction industry, there is an absolute necessity for capitalizing on a new method and framework comprising environmental issues, time and cost of demolishing buildings in order to decrease existing problems in the current techniques. Thus, the main goal of this research is to propose a new framework including the integration of the theory of innovative problem solving (TRIZ) and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), in such a way that the problems embedded in the existing methods of deconstruction and demolition concerning the environmental issues, duration and expenses would significantly be decreased. Furthermore, in order to validate the proposed framework, a large amount of stored information relating to a real case study through Building Information Modelling (BIM) is utilized. It is envisaged that the TRIZ-AHP based framework validated through BIM could be exploited by all practitioners as a comprehensive guideline for future projects. Current output: Publication (In Process) http://www.rgube.com/augmented-reality-bim-for-site-coordination daily 0.75 2019-03-30 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1469853829284-FE7WNMSI4W7UFDQ2F5BQ/12+-+BIM+SITE+COORDINATION.jpg AUGMENTED REALITY & BIM FOR SITE COORDINATION https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1469853801912-8QKUPTT0EULZ5BB4NAV1/12+-+BIM+SITE+COORDINATION.jpg AUGMENTED REALITY & BIM FOR SITE COORDINATION The construction industry has been evolving to embrace the delicate balance between buildings and the sustainable environment. This has highlighted the necessity to optimize resources to create healthier and more energy-efficient constructions. Likewise, it is vital to determine the viability of architectural design and building process. The application of relevant techniques to achieve this goal is essential. However, the lack of capabilities which immerse clients, end users, and building team members in highly detailed, fully lit environments that simulate the final structure of existing techniques could discourage the development of green buildings. Augmented Reality (AR) technology, which has advanced rapidly in the past few years, could play a key role towards green construction. Despite within a Virtual Reality (VR) environment enabling its potential practice for simulated information sharing, this study focused primarily on the applications of AR for real-time communications and retrievals in a real-world interface. Moreover, integration of professional models empowering the accuracy for AR presentation is an inevitable essential during sustainable construction management. The objective of this paper highlights the need for a structured methodology of fully integrating AR technology in BIM to facilitate construction site coordination. This study describes current AR research opportunities and challenges in sustainable construction management and emphasizes what they can gain from the adoption of BIM. It is demonstrated that, extended to the site via the AR technology within the BIM platform can develop and visualize project designs, construction plans, schedules, and construction equipment into a real-time interactive and digitally manipulable environment. Current output: Publication 1 http://www.rgube.com/bimikbms daily 0.75 2019-03-30 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1469716277530-IUDJ6V8MRFLVYIDHJQY9/09+-+BIM+IKBMS+ENERGY.jpg BIM-IKBMS https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1469716237609-0CAPCFX9EPM00LC0GRUC/09+-+BIM+IKBMS+ENERGY.jpg BIM-IKBMS The construction industry has been evolving to embrace sustainability, this has highlighted the necessity to inspect sustainable performances throughout the post-construction building life-cycle. The application of relevant building management systems (BMS) to achieve this goal is essential. Likewise, it is vital to balance the maximization of building energy efficiency and users’ desired level of comfort while employing an efficient BMS for sustainable maintenance of facility operations. The high probability of inaccurate manual building inspections plus the lack of real-time input of dynamic factors urges development of automated BMS. Therefore, Building Information Modelling (BIM) plays a key role towards automation in construction and corresponding management systems. Despite the nD capability of BIM enabling its potential practice during versatile building life-cycle phases, designers-contractors focused primarily on the application of BIM during design-construction management stages. Moreover, integration of knowledge management systems empowering handling and sharing of respective building maintenance information over the building life-cycle is an inevitable essential during post-construction sustainable performances. Focusing on the building energy efficiency, this article has reviewed 91 papers and suggests engagement of an Integrated Knowledge-based Building Management System using nD BIM applications (BIM-IKBMS) during the post-construction building life-cycle to advance the successful implementation of sustainable building performances. Current output: Publication 1 Publication 2 Publication 3 http://www.rgube.com/green-procurement daily 0.75 2016-09-14 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1469714204657-GK8LRCS4X6S2HFB7C1YG/11+-+GREEN+PRO.jpg GREEN PROCUREMENT https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1469714164209-5UJPPGPKI0IFGLQS2TF7/11+-+GREEN+PRO.jpg GREEN PROCUREMENT This research will be a matter of getting an in-depth view in to the problems that a specific group of people faces, and the possible changes and solutions that would be needed for the future. Because of the nature of this topic, a qualitative research would be the preferred method of gaining this knowledge. By using a qualitative approach and doing a number of in-depth interviews together with sending out questionnaires, information could be acquired specifically for the building industry in New Zealand. Prior to this, a literature review through sites like scholar.google.co.nz and www.sciencedirect.com would be conducted to investigate in to any known problems and solutions that has been found in previously made research, both in New Zealand and other countries. Also known organisations as for example New Zealand Green Building Council, Greenstar, Homestar and BRANZ will be used to gain knowledge of requirements and solutions. This to establish a base knowledge of the subject and by doing so ensuring that the right questions are getting asked in the interviews and questionnaires that are being sent out. The goal of the investigation is to find out specific problems that project managers faces when working with green procurement, and therefore the interviews and questionnaires would have to be directed to project managers with experience in this area. The information that is being acquired from this investigation would then be thoroughly analysed and compared to previous findings. From this a summary of the findings will be compiled and specific recommendations be made. A weakness with this research could be the limited amount of interviews and questionnaires that are going to be done, the reason for this limitation is because of the research ethics that specifies the amount of interviews and questionnaires that is allowed. To minimize this weakness, the participants for the interviews and questionnaires will be carefully chosen to ensure the highest quality and diversity of the information that is being acquired. This research aims to provide an in-depth understanding of the barriers that a project manager faces in New Zealand when working with green procurement. By establishing what the current barriers are, use that information to find possible solutions to overcome them. It is to my understanding that even though research about this area has been made in other parts of the world, there has not been any investigation specifically for the building industry in New Zealand. This study will therefore cover that knowledge gap and provide important information that could help the future of green development in New Zealand. Current output: Master Dissertation (2016) http://www.rgube.com/green-concrete-sustainable-built-environments daily 0.75 2019-03-30 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1469697984128-Y2XVH8W0WWLT3NMH9G52/15+-+Green+concrete.jpg GREEN CONCRETE & SUSTAINABLE BUILT ENVIRONMENTS https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1469697941137-XARKBQR958I4B6H7UP09/15+-+Green+concrete.jpg GREEN CONCRETE & SUSTAINABLE BUILT ENVIRONMENTS About 8-10% of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are generated by the cement industry. Moreover, when natural aggregates are crushed and heated at elevated temperatures, greenhouse gases are released to the atmosphere creating environmental burdens. There is a necessity to build a bright and sustainable future. In order to gain an improvement in the sustainability of modern society, this research is aimed to examine the effectiveness of using green concrete. The main aim of this research is to identify how green concrete can help towards promotion of sustainable built environment. The research is based on literature review and interviews of concrete professionals from the industry. Based on the results, it can be concluded that green concrete has the ability to minimise waste and encourage sustainability. Current output: 1. Master Dissertation (2015) 2. Publication 1 http://www.rgube.com/bimikbms-framework daily 0.75 2019-03-30 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1469714708617-LY7FEH35912HOWZNU7CP/10+-+BIM+IKBMS+FRAMEWORK.jpg BIM-IKBMS FRAMEWORK https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1469714674473-MK3VEM5F3BOYRQU9UCS5/10+-+BIM+IKBMS+FRAMEWORK.jpg BIM-IKBMS FRAMEWORK As the inspection for sustainable performances throughout the post-construction phase becomes an absolute necessity, engagement of an Integrated Knowledge-based Building Management System using nD BIM applications (BIM-IKBMS) is anticipated promote the implementation of sustainable building performances. Based on the concept model made from literature review by the previous article, this study is the second step for nD BIM-IKBMS R & D series that concentrates on the functional modelling. This study follows the principle of axiomatic design and develops the proposed framework in SADT language using IDEF0 diagrams. This study results in 4-hierarchical IDEF0 diagrams, and the proposed system is expected to be validated in actual projects in future studies. Current output: Publication 1 http://www.rgube.com/energy-efficient-facades-1 daily 0.75 2016-08-07 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1470563418731-GLF867B14VAT0BCS733T/iru+facades.jpg ENERGY EFFICIENT FACADES https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1470563418731-GLF867B14VAT0BCS733T/iru+facades.jpg ENERGY EFFICIENT FACADES http://www.rgube.com/field-study-on-thermal-sensations daily 0.75 2016-08-07 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1470564210714-HVYZBFCDEQ4R1H6PYC98/ts.jpg FIELD STUDY ON THERMAL SENSATIONS https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1470564182932-HONIBL9BBROISHMX5LAI/ts.jpg FIELD STUDY ON THERMAL SENSATIONS http://www.rgube.com/optimizing-proactivereactive-construction-project-scheduling daily 0.75 2016-09-14 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1469718952169-7MMRADS3YKF6WOR7IB94/03+-+Optimizing+scheduling.jpg OPTIMIZING PROACTIVE/REACTIVE CONSTRUCTION PROJECT SCHEDULING https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1469718908576-3JF6UAPBFV6YQISE51EC/03+-+Optimizing+scheduling.jpg OPTIMIZING PROACTIVE/REACTIVE CONSTRUCTION PROJECT SCHEDULING This project: Develops an automated time-space-event conflict system for proactively managing building construction projects. Enhances the reliability of building project schedule to reduce the delays and uncertainty effects of the schedule to the barest minimum. Handles in a proactive/reactive approach owners-driven accelerated building schedule, unforeseen site or construction issues. A look-ahead plan to determine if schedule would slip and need for adjustment. A tool and technique that will quickly face unanticipated problems, disruptions, react to shorter and longer schedules, and hinders the challenges of uncertainties in building construction projects with reduction of construction times. Proactively identify any elements and challenges that might put the schedule progress at risk or changes that need to be made to the building construction plan. The various green growths building construction scheduling approaches and uncertainties will be integrated into the status quo scheduling systems to make it robust and encompassing leading improved economic performance while addressing major environmental uncertainties and problems. The research will be a predicting, simulating and optimizing proactive and reactive tool for tackling delays, changes in New Zealand dynamic building industry. Current output: 1. PhD Dissertation (In Process) 2. GhaffarianHoseini, A., Okey, B., GhaffarianHoseini, AH., Tookey, J. & Naismith, N. (2016). A Conceptual Framework for Investigating the Impact of Uncertainty Factors of Project Parametric Optimization on the Building Construction Time Management: Case of Auckland, New Zealand, Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews. Status: In process of preparation http://www.rgube.com/process-mapping-procedure-pmp-of-bim daily 0.75 2016-09-14 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1469805986611-W335MNINLLLGXCDQGMAP/01+-+PMP+BIM.jpg PROCESS MAPPING PROCEDURE [PMP] OF BIM Various researchers have investigated the options to make BIM widely utilized in New Zealand. Boon and Prigg (2012) examined the BIM application by using quantity surveying practice. Ryan et al. (2013) provided an overview on the suitability of the existing standard forms of contract in conjunction with BIM usage. Thurnell and Stanley (2013) investigated the current and future impacts of BIM on cost modelling in Auckland. Davies (2014) explored the influences of BIM adoption on the roles and relationships of industry participants. GhaffarianHoseini et al. (2014) proposed specific utilization of BIM in the maintenance stage for the post-construction energy efficiency. Although application of BIM is now extensively considered, it is still in the formative stages. Lacking of processes, which ensure all project participants work together collaboratively, is one of the main barriers limiting BIM users. To enable greater use, the quality of communication between project teams and tasks need to be improved. In other words, developing a Process Mapping Procedure (PMP) throughout the project life cycle is necessary to address the fragment of the construction industry. This research aims to develop a PMP using System Dynamics (SD) modelling to plan for the application of BIM. All the key tasks and exchange information between different parties in the project will be mapped. This process map is anticipated to provide the participants with more understanding about the overall BIM process while clearly defining their roles in the projects. Current output: PhD Dissertation (In Process) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1469805986611-W335MNINLLLGXCDQGMAP/01+-+PMP+BIM.jpg PROCESS MAPPING PROCEDURE [PMP] OF BIM Various researchers have investigated the options to make BIM widely utilized in New Zealand. Boon and Prigg (2012) examined the BIM application by using quantity surveying practice. Ryan et al. (2013) provided an overview on the suitability of the existing standard forms of contract in conjunction with BIM usage. Thurnell and Stanley (2013) investigated the current and future impacts of BIM on cost modelling in Auckland. Davies (2014) explored the influences of BIM adoption on the roles and relationships of industry participants. GhaffarianHoseini et al. (2014) proposed specific utilization of BIM in the maintenance stage for the post-construction energy efficiency. Although application of BIM is now extensively considered, it is still in the formative stages. Lacking of processes, which ensure all project participants work together collaboratively, is one of the main barriers limiting BIM users. To enable greater use, the quality of communication between project teams and tasks need to be improved. In other words, developing a Process Mapping Procedure (PMP) throughout the project life cycle is necessary to address the fragment of the construction industry. This research aims to develop a PMP using System Dynamics (SD) modelling to plan for the application of BIM. All the key tasks and exchange information between different parties in the project will be mapped. This process map is anticipated to provide the participants with more understanding about the overall BIM process while clearly defining their roles in the projects. Current output: PhD Dissertation (In Process) http://www.rgube.com/green-certification-bim-in-new-zealand-1 daily 0.75 2019-03-30 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1469698309080-BKPX434WWLVP8NVTAWLP/14+-+Green+certification+and+BIM.jpg GREEN CERTIFICATION & BIM IN NEW ZEALAND https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1469698278893-O6I0QUBWBXNBOX84AOVU/14+-+Green+certification+and+BIM.jpg GREEN CERTIFICATION & BIM IN NEW ZEALAND Purpose - Simultaneous to Green Star becoming a broadly accepted mark of design quality and environmental sustainability, Building Information Modelling (BIM) has also been introduced into the industry. BIM is expected to aid designers shift the construction industry towards more environmentally and economically sustainable construction practice. Whilst the aspirations of Green Star rating and BIM implementation are broadly aligned, in the context of New Zealand this has led to some disconnects in design strategy and process. This research attempts to improve the practicality of BIM implementations for delivering Green Star certification in New Zealand. Design/methodology/approach - The extensive literature review is conducted through a series of incremental steps. A conceptual framework focusing on the relationship between benefits and challenges of BIM and Green Star is then developed. Findings - BIM supports practitioners to achieve the majority of Green Star criteria (75%). Energy efficiency criterion is the key factor affecting the assessment process of Green Star and National Australian Built Environment Rating System in New Zealand (NABERSNZ). Research questions about lessening the challenges which can be encountered during the BIM and Green Star implementation are developed. Originality/value - This paper provided a clear picture for investors, developers, practitioners about benefits and challenges of BIM and Green Star implementation. The outcomes are anticipated to deliver visions for shifting the country further towards development of sustainable future cities. Research limitations - The paper lacks the empirical validation of the proposed frameworks. Current output: Publication 1 + Publication 2 http://www.rgube.com/impacts-of-cool-colours daily 0.75 2016-08-07 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1470564432440-G5ERJIWGPJIA4J0L3XLG/colour2.jpg IMPACTS OF COOL COLOURS https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1470564396951-5Q290PKOG9ZAT195N8NY/colour2.jpg IMPACTS OF COOL COLOURS The rapid urban spatial expansion and population growth in recent years has resulted in the development of numerous high-rise condominiums in Kuala Lumpur. Many of these buildings include general relaxation and recreational facilities for the occupants. However, the majority of these spaces are designed to cater for the basic needs of typical residents, with less attention to the expectations of the elderlies. As a result, elderlies residing in such condominiums predominantly prefer to stay in their flats, and this phenomenon can negatively impact their overall health and quality of life. While with an appropriate consideration of shared facilities this occurrence can be solved. In this study, cool colours in fifteen intensities were tested on 64 elderly occupants in a 3m×2m test room based on the Quasi-experimental method to evaluate the impacts of cool colours as environmental stimulus in common indoor facilities of condominiums. The participants were the residents of two high-rise condominiums in Kuala Lumpur, and they were all above 60 years old. Their blood pressure, heart beat rate and skin temperature as dependent variables were measured and analysed to evaluate their relationship with cool colours and time spent. There are three significant results: Firstly, the lightest intensity of blue-green and green colours has the strongest relationship. Secondly, violet has negative impacts on dependent variables. And thirdly, green colour, in general, has a positive impact as environmental stimulus while lightest blue-green colour affects the dependents variable faster than the other intensities. The study concludes that particular cool colours embrace promising potentials to be taken into consideration during the design of indoor spaces, particularly for the elderlies, by architects and interior designers. Current output: Publication (In Process) http://www.rgube.com/bimbased-sustainable-aec daily 0.75 2016-09-14 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1473842593282-OKK5JLLR1TC8ZW4RBHJ3/22+-+BIM+sust+AEC.jpg BIM-BASED SUSTAINABLE AEC Building and construction industry has been widely regarded as a key player towards global warming and environmental degradation. Besides, the notion of promoting green built environments is about developing sustainable living atmospheres with optimized usage of energy resources. Respectively, recent studies represent increasing directives towards advancement of sustainable building facilities while pertaining to further reductions of negative environmental impacts. Tackling the respective issue, researchers have developed various rating systems and assessment methods in order to standardize the complex evaluation process of built environments towards sustainability. Nevertheless, utilization of generalized rating systems may result in suboptimal outcomes hence diverse building typologies require exclusively specified evaluation criteria and ranking indicators. Moreover, major design-construction decisions are made throughout the early stages of Architectural, Engineering and Construction (AEC) progressions. Consequently, this paper posits incorporation of sustainable rating systems considerations during the initial conceptual stage in order to develop an integrated evaluation scheme towards eventual achievement of green built environments. The proposition suggests utilization of Building Information Modelling (BIM) during early AEC stages in order to optimize the respective construction management process. Ultimately, this research is expected to provide insights towards development of flexible exclusive rating systems for promotion of green built environments. Current output: Publication (in process) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1473842593282-OKK5JLLR1TC8ZW4RBHJ3/22+-+BIM+sust+AEC.jpg BIM-BASED SUSTAINABLE AEC Building and construction industry has been widely regarded as a key player towards global warming and environmental degradation. Besides, the notion of promoting green built environments is about developing sustainable living atmospheres with optimized usage of energy resources. Respectively, recent studies represent increasing directives towards advancement of sustainable building facilities while pertaining to further reductions of negative environmental impacts. Tackling the respective issue, researchers have developed various rating systems and assessment methods in order to standardize the complex evaluation process of built environments towards sustainability. Nevertheless, utilization of generalized rating systems may result in suboptimal outcomes hence diverse building typologies require exclusively specified evaluation criteria and ranking indicators. Moreover, major design-construction decisions are made throughout the early stages of Architectural, Engineering and Construction (AEC) progressions. Consequently, this paper posits incorporation of sustainable rating systems considerations during the initial conceptual stage in order to develop an integrated evaluation scheme towards eventual achievement of green built environments. The proposition suggests utilization of Building Information Modelling (BIM) during early AEC stages in order to optimize the respective construction management process. Ultimately, this research is expected to provide insights towards development of flexible exclusive rating systems for promotion of green built environments. Current output: Publication (in process) http://www.rgube.com/social-impacts-of-vegetated-rooftops daily 0.75 2019-03-30 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1473966055076-OKQ3C6TKBDEYX5P1FRC5/2+square+for+rg+lab+copy.jpg Social Impacts of Vegetated Rooftops https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1473965775855-D1MR6IULFZC08MTG7Y66/2+square+for+rg+lab+copy.jpg Social Impacts of Vegetated Rooftops https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1473966015412-E8IG5T08STQ664ZRIZM3/2+square+for+rg+lab+copy.jpg Social Impacts of Vegetated Rooftops http://www.rgube.com/bim-adoption-nz daily 0.75 2019-03-30 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1473816108718-GYKT9DVY0EJIJUE7XIAA/20+-+BIM+adoption+NZ.jpg BIM ADOPTION NZ https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1473816077480-EBKK7UEUJJD5C2NLR544/20+-+BIM+adoption+NZ.jpg BIM ADOPTION NZ There is a significant list of reported reasons for why the construction industry is not adopting Building Information Modelling (BIM), or delaying the decision to use BIM. The most common reasons, regardless of the global location, have been ‘limited demand for BIM from clients or from other companies on projects’, ‘lack of standardised tools and protocols’, and ‘lack of expertise and insufficient training’. These barriers to adoption are also evident in New Zealand (NZ) context. This case study discusses the support mechanisms in place in NZ for wider BIM adoption and implementation. To address the barriers in New Zealand National Technical Standards Committee (NTSC) was established in 2012, BIM Acceleration Committee (BAC) and National BIM Education Working Group (NBEWG) in 2014. Members of the first two committees represent both industry and government. The National BIM Education Working Group has representatives from all tertiary institutes who have interest in BIM and wish to include it as part of their programmes. National Technical Standards Committee is overseeing the development of open industry standards for building and location data. BAC’s main role is to increase the use of BIM in New Zealand by generating demand for BIM through client education and by enabling the industry. This is being done through training, networks and communication, and BIM guidelines and BIM project examples. NBEWG promotes integration of BIM into all architectural, engineering and construction programmes in New Zealand by providing national curriculum guidelines and guidance in adopting BIM curriculum. All three groups work in close collaboration, supporting each other and sharing resources to guarantee consistency of the BIM message from government to industry to education. An example of collaboration is evidenced by common training packages being prepared by a group of people from industry and tertiary education. Current output: Publication 1 http://www.rgube.com/wastewater daily 0.75 2016-09-14 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1473844078900-RCA1YAGFNTVFKNVNSQWL/23+-+Wastewater+treatment.jpg WASTEWATER TREATMENT https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1473844209844-K8YMRZW1Y8X5PIABR9F4/23+-+Wastewater+treatment.jpg WASTEWATER TREATMENT Discharge of untreated wastewater is one of the most general performances threatening the local environment. Moreover, urban and rural regions are increasingly confronting challenges towards managing access to clean water supplies. Contemporarily, the growing interest in development of green buildings is observed while reflecting the necessity for creating environmentally responsive built environments. The main purpose of sustainability in green buildings is to mitigate the negative impacts of buildings and the respective lifecycle on the natural environment. It is essential to represent the substantial impact of green building evaluations as an inherent part of future building policies for creation of healthy living environments. Nevertheless, contemporary complex wastewater treatments process requires significant energy resources resulting in elevated emission levels. Likewise, diverse wastewater treatment practices may require considerable energy consumption deteriorating sustainability provisions. Consequently, this article proposes utilization of hybrid membrane wastewater treatment techniques to approach sustainable design of green built environments. Current output: Publication 1 http://www.rgube.com/analyzing-the-solar-gain-in-building-facades daily 0.75 2019-03-30 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1473908415751-YANGNSOBP13XOWAMLB8F/NEW+square+for+rg+lab+copy.jpg ANALYZING THE SOLAR GAIN IN BUILDING FACADES https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1473906201612-WSK4JNN6FY6QM9Q9SHP5/NEW+square+for+rg+lab+copy.jpg ANALYZING THE SOLAR GAIN IN BUILDING FACADES https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1473908376140-VC021CT1S9IZ6BIVLJV4/NEW+square+for+rg+lab+copy.jpg ANALYZING THE SOLAR GAIN IN BUILDING FACADES http://www.rgube.com/bim-readiness daily 0.75 2019-03-30 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1473805935387-OQFCHMENVTN6OVF7O9NZ/19+-+BIM+Readiness.jpg BIM READINESS https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1473805712363-G5U9NLWL8EH2LK9IVJOA/19+-+BIM+Readiness.jpg BIM READINESS Building Information Modelling (BIM) is a new found reality by construction industry towards a Digital Built Envelope (DBE). Realizing its potential, UK government has made achievement of BIM Level 2 mandate essential for all publicly procured projects by 2016. Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) which form the backbone of UK construction industry are in perplex transition state as most of them are working on traditional project management workflows involving 2D drawings and production and possess silos oriented approaches. The push of government has forced the non BIM SMEs to transform and adopt the technology for long lasting results. The purpose of the research is to carry out an up to date analysis of recent BIM adoption state of UK construction industry SMEs, evaluate opportunities & challenges, and identify a suitable maturity assessment & implementation Strategy to upgrade their present skills and competencies. Both primary and secondary data is used in this paper. For primary data, UK construction SMEs professionals are the targeted groups of the survey questionnaire comprising 60 questions. For secondary data, the extensive literature review is obtained to gather considerable information. A case study of BIM implementation of Baxall Construction Company is also analyzed to glean into right maturity assessment and implementation strategy for a suggested template for wider SME organizations. The research employed questionnaire survey of top UK Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) practitioners and up-to-date literature review along with a case study revealed that almost 75% SMEs are non BIM. SMEs still need to upgrade their staffs and skills (43%), quality assurance systems (80%), and IT software/hard ware systems (60%). As a yard stick construction industry needs to follow Integrated Design and Delivery Solution (IDDS) as a holistic BIM readiness criteria towards coherent BIM implementation strategy. Current output: Publication 1 http://www.rgube.com/bim-execution daily 0.75 2016-09-14 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1473894110360-D606X9VGJWRTH8ZS7VQW/25+-+BIM+execution+UK.jpg BIM EXECUTION The UK Government has set clear goals of 33% reduction in construction expenditure, 50% reduction in green house emission and faster delivery of assets and improvement in exports by 2025. Building Information Modelling (BIM) is being considered as a game changer and the UK government has mandated achievement of BIM Level 2 for all publicly procured projects by 2016. However, recent research indicates that around 48% of UK Construction industry is not using BIM and there is a major gap between confidence in potential advantages of BIM and an understanding of BIM needs and how these can be transformed in the business processes. Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) which form the backbone of UK Construction Industry are in perplex transition state as most of them are working on traditional project management workflows involving 2D drawings & production and possess silos oriented approaches. There is a lack of research in bringing about significant changes to implementation by reinventing workflows, learning software’s, training staff and assigning responsibilities. This paper, therefore, aims to develop a BIM Execution Framework for SMEs construction companies for smooth transition to BIM through an in depth analysis of recent BIM adoption state of UK construction SMEs, detailed evaluation of opportunities & challenges and identification of suitable Implementation Strategy to upgrade their present skills and competencies. Current output: GhaffarianHoseini, A., Rehman, A., Doan, D., Zhang, T., GhaffarianHoseini, AH., Naismith, N., & Tookey, J. (2016, 13-14 October). Developing a BIM Execution Framework for SME Construction Companies in the UK, BIM International Conference (BIC 2016), Sao Paulo (Brazil) & Lisbon (Portugal). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1473894110360-D606X9VGJWRTH8ZS7VQW/25+-+BIM+execution+UK.jpg BIM EXECUTION The UK Government has set clear goals of 33% reduction in construction expenditure, 50% reduction in green house emission and faster delivery of assets and improvement in exports by 2025. Building Information Modelling (BIM) is being considered as a game changer and the UK government has mandated achievement of BIM Level 2 for all publicly procured projects by 2016. However, recent research indicates that around 48% of UK Construction industry is not using BIM and there is a major gap between confidence in potential advantages of BIM and an understanding of BIM needs and how these can be transformed in the business processes. Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) which form the backbone of UK Construction Industry are in perplex transition state as most of them are working on traditional project management workflows involving 2D drawings & production and possess silos oriented approaches. There is a lack of research in bringing about significant changes to implementation by reinventing workflows, learning software’s, training staff and assigning responsibilities. This paper, therefore, aims to develop a BIM Execution Framework for SMEs construction companies for smooth transition to BIM through an in depth analysis of recent BIM adoption state of UK construction SMEs, detailed evaluation of opportunities & challenges and identification of suitable Implementation Strategy to upgrade their present skills and competencies. Current output: GhaffarianHoseini, A., Rehman, A., Doan, D., Zhang, T., GhaffarianHoseini, AH., Naismith, N., & Tookey, J. (2016, 13-14 October). Developing a BIM Execution Framework for SME Construction Companies in the UK, BIM International Conference (BIC 2016), Sao Paulo (Brazil) & Lisbon (Portugal). http://www.rgube.com/delay-causes-effects-of-construction-projects daily 0.75 2016-10-03 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1475534924922-ICDRG213EW7605APBYSE/NEW+square+for+rg+lab+4444.jpg DELAY CAUSES & EFFECTS OF CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1475534882280-4AC2SQFQJVT18922UT8G/NEW+square+for+rg+lab+4444.jpg DELAY CAUSES & EFFECTS OF CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS Delay is one of the most common issues in construction industry worldwide associated with imposing additional costs upon parties involved in projects. Likewise, majority of construction projects are suffering from time extensions. This study aims to investigate the main causes and effects of delay in Iranian construction projects. A comprehensive literature review conducted during this research identified 32 causes and 6 corresponding effects. Factors contributing to delay were further classified into five categories namely project-related, site-related, client-related, contractor-related and consultant-related. Results of this study are based on a well-structured questionnaire distributed within 230 construction project professionals. The results of the survey demonstrated that the main five causes of time overrun were ‘delay in payment to contractor/supplier’, ‘alteration in project scope’, ‘problems with neighbors’ lands’, ‘delay in preparation and approval of drawings’ and, ‘financial constraints of contractors’. Furthermore, cost overrun, time overrun, and dispute were recognized by the respondents as the three most important effects of delay. Current Output: Publication (In Process) http://www.rgube.com/green-certification daily 0.75 2016-09-16 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1473984141677-LD8Z97RD3CRMJGD60OC6/26+-+Green+certifications.jpg GREEN CERTIFICATION To assess the performance of construction projects, green rating systems, such as LEED (Leadership in energy and Environmental Design), BREEAM (Building Research Establishment Assessment Method), and Green Star, has been initiated. In the past, they focus only on “green”, which has been usually used interchangeably with “sustainability”; however, these two terms are far from synonymous. To catch the sustainable trend of building developments, green rating systems are continually updating their criteria and tools. This paper aims to 1) provide an inclusive review of green rating systems’ criteria and their development; 2) identify their similarities and differences besides highlighting strengths and weaknesses; 3) determine whether these systems have been effective in enhancing sustainability. BREEAM, LEED, and Green Star New Zealand are analysed in this paper being the major green certifications. Current output: Doan, D., GhaffarianHoseini, A., Zhang, T., Rehman, A., Naismith, N., Tookey, J., & GhaffarianHoseini, AH (2016, 11-14 December). Green Building Assessment Schemes: A critical comparison among BREEAM, LEED and Green Star NZ, International Conference on Sustainable Building Asia (SBE16), Seoul, South Korea. Status: Under Review https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1473984141677-LD8Z97RD3CRMJGD60OC6/26+-+Green+certifications.jpg GREEN CERTIFICATION To assess the performance of construction projects, green rating systems, such as LEED (Leadership in energy and Environmental Design), BREEAM (Building Research Establishment Assessment Method), and Green Star, has been initiated. In the past, they focus only on “green”, which has been usually used interchangeably with “sustainability”; however, these two terms are far from synonymous. To catch the sustainable trend of building developments, green rating systems are continually updating their criteria and tools. This paper aims to 1) provide an inclusive review of green rating systems’ criteria and their development; 2) identify their similarities and differences besides highlighting strengths and weaknesses; 3) determine whether these systems have been effective in enhancing sustainability. BREEAM, LEED, and Green Star New Zealand are analysed in this paper being the major green certifications. Current output: Doan, D., GhaffarianHoseini, A., Zhang, T., Rehman, A., Naismith, N., Tookey, J., & GhaffarianHoseini, AH (2016, 11-14 December). Green Building Assessment Schemes: A critical comparison among BREEAM, LEED and Green Star NZ, International Conference on Sustainable Building Asia (SBE16), Seoul, South Korea. Status: Under Review http://www.rgube.com/sustainability-in-africa daily 0.75 2016-09-14 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1473752162364-0D8H88Q05WY0V3AOOWIE/17+-+Sustainability+in+Africa.jpg SUSTAINABILITY IN AFRICA https://static1.squarespace.com/static/57246f4286db4345e724887d/57d7aab5d1758e771ad9bd0e/57d7aada440243101e3d204b/1473751770836/ SUSTAINABILITY IN AFRICA https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1473751825371-IE63NHAV3LTO1Z20D9CL/17+-+Sustainability+in+Africa.jpg SUSTAINABILITY IN AFRICA The purpose of the paper is to review extant literature and to provide perspectives on approaches to enhancing built environment sustainability in Africa. There is a mismatch between global societal resources and the increasing demand for natural resources. The consequences of this mismatch is prevalent in many African countries, causing the need to implement of built environment sustainability as a matter of cause. Little research has been undertaken to date with a focus on the environmental sustainability of Africa. With this in mind the review was undertaken through a series of incremental steps. It began with an initial review, before developing through exploratory and development phases. The process culminated with the refined literature review presented. The paper finds that a different approach is required to achieve built sustainable development for developed and developing countries, with a clear difference in terms of its application observed between the northern and southern hemispheres. Current energy and water crisis facing Africa is brought to the fore and an evaluation is provided of the systems being used to ameliorate its effects. The study explores a range of technological solutions that are appropriate for consideration in the African context. It also examines the barriers that need to be overcome to facilitate the widespread use of the suggested solutions in Africa. This study examines built environment sustainability through Africa lens. It highlights its importance and the contextual factors inhibiting the widespread uptake of built environment sustainability solutions. The study offers a number of recommendations for the future to encourage long term built environment sustainability in Africa and more specifically the Sub-Saharan region. Current output: GhaffarianHoseini, A., Tookey, J. GhaffarianHoseini, AH, Naismith, N, Rotimi, J.O. (2015). Integrating alternative technologies to improve built environment sustainability in Africa, Smart and Sustainable Built Environment. Status: Accepted http://www.rgube.com/bim-uptake daily 0.75 2019-03-30 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1473756553285-V4IW6HJBO2VY6YCCIO63/18+-+BIM+Uptake.jpg BIM UPTAKE Rapid advancement of technology continues to leverage change and innovation in the construction industry. Continued digitization of the industry offers the opportunity to totally reinvent contemporary construction design and delivery practice for future development. Building Information Modelling (BIM) within the context of Architecture Engineering Construction (AEC) has been continually developing since the early 2000s and is considered to be a key technology. Despite major technical advancements in BIM, it has not been fully adopted and its definitive benefits have not been fully capitalized upon by industry stakeholders. The lack of widespread uptake of BIM appears to be linked to the risks and challenges that are potentially impeding its effectiveness. This paper aims to discuss the reality of BIM, its widespread benefits, its current level of uptake and the risks and challenges associated with the adoption of BIM, as well as making recommendations regarding how future BIM adoption could be developed moving forward. Current output: Publication 1 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1473756553285-V4IW6HJBO2VY6YCCIO63/18+-+BIM+Uptake.jpg BIM UPTAKE Rapid advancement of technology continues to leverage change and innovation in the construction industry. Continued digitization of the industry offers the opportunity to totally reinvent contemporary construction design and delivery practice for future development. Building Information Modelling (BIM) within the context of Architecture Engineering Construction (AEC) has been continually developing since the early 2000s and is considered to be a key technology. Despite major technical advancements in BIM, it has not been fully adopted and its definitive benefits have not been fully capitalized upon by industry stakeholders. The lack of widespread uptake of BIM appears to be linked to the risks and challenges that are potentially impeding its effectiveness. This paper aims to discuss the reality of BIM, its widespread benefits, its current level of uptake and the risks and challenges associated with the adoption of BIM, as well as making recommendations regarding how future BIM adoption could be developed moving forward. Current output: Publication 1 http://www.rgube.com/automate daily 0.75 2016-10-02 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1475427122914-QLGE4HD8S5LYQ5VRRC85/NEW+square+for+rg+lab+3333.jpg AUTOMATED DYNAMIC FACADES https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1475426988616-2FK37MVG0HU4E81SSB1P/NEW+square+for+rg+lab+3333.jpg AUTOMATED DYNAMIC FACADES In recent years, there has been a radically growing attention towards the optimization of the sustainable performance of buildings, particularly for reducing the energy consumption and GHG emissions. Meanwhile, with the aid of emerging advanced technologies, the role of automation in buildings has become more and more crucial towards achieving the targets of intelligent buildings. Nonetheless, reviewing the recent studies, it is clearly apparent that there are very limited and sporadic efforts towards the use of building automation for sustainability targets, both in academia and practice. This study concentrates on the automated dynamic facades (ADF) as part of building automation concept and attempts to explore its potentials and challenges. Analysis presents that there is a growing interest in development of new initiatives for innovative facades; however, there are very significant obstacles on its way forward. Likewise, the impact assessment of the integration of ADFs requires more in-depth investigation. Findings put forward feasible recommendations for paving the way towards proliferation of ADFs. Current Output: Publication (In Process) http://www.rgube.com/rainwater-harvesting daily 0.75 2016-09-14 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1473845225084-E4W6RAFWNI90D4TYX1Z9/24+-+Rainwater+harvesting.jpg RAINWATER HARVESTING https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1473845359499-9TGSYZC9EUNCVPPL7VLQ/24+-+Rainwater+harvesting.jpg RAINWATER HARVESTING Water scarcity, imperfect consumption patterns, rapid global population increase, surpassing consumption ratio, and several further factors overstress the urging necessity to systematically access and utilize supplementary and most importantly renewable water supply resources. Moreover, application of suitably designed and well-maintained rainwater harvesting systems within the context of the built environment while generalizing the focus on diverse building typologies is promoted as a promising resolution to these systemic issues. Despite the numerous positive benefits of utilizing rainwater harvesting as a means of sup-porting sustainable development and green built environments, there exists a gap in properly integrating these design features to deliver congruent sustainable outcomes. Accurate design and configuration, simulation, localization, and imposing proper maintenance schemes are expected to be followed in order to accomplish the ultimate goal of executing rainwater harvesting systems. Besides the inevitable noteworthy role of governments in educating, providing prospects and supporting these decentralized water supply and consumption systems is encouraged. Ultimately, this paper provides an overview on the contemporary rainwater harvesting systems, the respective implications and systematic con-figurations, quality assessments, the potential of rightfully merging them with green roofs and green built environment criteria, and eventually manipulated government regulation to provide insights for overcoming the aforementioned intensifying rainwater-related concerns. Current output: Publication 1 http://www.rgube.com/intelligent-smart-buildings-cities daily 0.75 2019-03-30 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1484436105802-CXJCERX32YI9PORCR5CU/smart+intelligent+square+copy.jpg Intelligent & Smart Buildings & Cities https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1484436105802-CXJCERX32YI9PORCR5CU/smart+intelligent+square+copy.jpg Intelligent & Smart Buildings & Cities https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1484441157515-E4ZZFY0X608Y6OIPZMZ6/smart+intelligent+square+copy.jpg Intelligent & Smart Buildings & Cities http://www.rgube.com/urban-building-block-in-toronto daily 0.75 2016-12-10 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1481401841329-HN04NMQJEYP4K20S95R6/LATEST+RG+square+copy.jpg URBAN BUILDING BLOCK IN TORONTO https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1481401983264-UM9ODYM5EGNCFG60QSI1/LATEST+RG+square+copy.jpg URBAN BUILDING BLOCK IN TORONTO http://www.rgube.com/daylight-factor-in-indoor-environments daily 0.75 2017-02-07 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1486408276744-W7H1SQA89F7L24G5G3PZ/Daylight+square+copy.jpg Daylight Factor in Indoor Environments Prediction of the daylight level for any point within an indoor space is important in daylighting analysis. Recently, the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) has adopted a range of 15 standard skies covering the whole probable spectrum of usual skies found in the world. In densely-built urban cities, the exterior obstructions may substantially reduce the amount of daylight entering to the building interior. Through exhaustive investigations, we proposed various daylight computation tools for buildings under different obstructed overcast and non-overcast skies. This paper reviews the daylight factor (DF) based metrics and gives an overview of the latest dynamic daylight metrics, and generalizes the calculation procedures for estimating the internal daylight under the unobstructed and obstructed 15 CIE Standard Skies. The merits and limitations of the calculating procedures on DF-based metrics are discussed. The findings could be globally adopted and useful to students and building professions conducting daylighting studies and designs. Current output: Publication 1 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1486408276744-W7H1SQA89F7L24G5G3PZ/Daylight+square+copy.jpg Daylight Factor in Indoor Environments Prediction of the daylight level for any point within an indoor space is important in daylighting analysis. Recently, the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) has adopted a range of 15 standard skies covering the whole probable spectrum of usual skies found in the world. In densely-built urban cities, the exterior obstructions may substantially reduce the amount of daylight entering to the building interior. Through exhaustive investigations, we proposed various daylight computation tools for buildings under different obstructed overcast and non-overcast skies. This paper reviews the daylight factor (DF) based metrics and gives an overview of the latest dynamic daylight metrics, and generalizes the calculation procedures for estimating the internal daylight under the unobstructed and obstructed 15 CIE Standard Skies. The merits and limitations of the calculating procedures on DF-based metrics are discussed. The findings could be globally adopted and useful to students and building professions conducting daylighting studies and designs. Current output: Publication 1 http://www.rgube.com/kbs-postconstruction-building-facility-maintenance daily 0.75 2019-03-30 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1507850446500-8469X57JCIXHTMUZDDKL/37+-+KBS+Post-Construction+Building+Facility+Maintenance+.jpg KBS for Post-Construction Building Facility Maintenance With the increasing need for energy efficient occupant comfort, the maintenance process becomes a key factor. Aspects including failure response time, maintenance treatment time and maintainability have a great influence on the building occupant comfort. Normally, the efficiency and effectiveness of maintenance process largely rely on the knowledge the maintenance workers have and the right notifications. However, occupants are not generally skilled in such field, and they most likely send the wrong information while failing to find the right person in charge. That will cause the longer response time. In this regards, this study intends to develop a building facility maintenance Knowledge Base (KB) more visually. Particularly, OpenGL was used to make the process of case-based reasoning directly perceived through senses. Meanwhile, using Building Information Models (BIM) simplified the process of developing a 3D Knowledge-Based System (KBS). Moreover, Microsoft Access database was set up to provide search and update functions for the KB. The efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed system was examined by this paper. However, the proposed Knowledge-Based System is limited to the complexity in facility manufacturers, protocol used and discreteness in hardware. Moreover, the operation conditions of building facilities vary in different projects. Therefore, the accuracy and volume of the KB should be further optimized. In futuristic research, more real-world buildings will be applied on to validate and improve the proposed system. Current output: Publication 1 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1507850446500-8469X57JCIXHTMUZDDKL/37+-+KBS+Post-Construction+Building+Facility+Maintenance+.jpg KBS for Post-Construction Building Facility Maintenance With the increasing need for energy efficient occupant comfort, the maintenance process becomes a key factor. Aspects including failure response time, maintenance treatment time and maintainability have a great influence on the building occupant comfort. Normally, the efficiency and effectiveness of maintenance process largely rely on the knowledge the maintenance workers have and the right notifications. However, occupants are not generally skilled in such field, and they most likely send the wrong information while failing to find the right person in charge. That will cause the longer response time. In this regards, this study intends to develop a building facility maintenance Knowledge Base (KB) more visually. Particularly, OpenGL was used to make the process of case-based reasoning directly perceived through senses. Meanwhile, using Building Information Models (BIM) simplified the process of developing a 3D Knowledge-Based System (KBS). Moreover, Microsoft Access database was set up to provide search and update functions for the KB. The efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed system was examined by this paper. However, the proposed Knowledge-Based System is limited to the complexity in facility manufacturers, protocol used and discreteness in hardware. Moreover, the operation conditions of building facilities vary in different projects. Therefore, the accuracy and volume of the KB should be further optimized. In futuristic research, more real-world buildings will be applied on to validate and improve the proposed system. Current output: Publication 1 http://www.rgube.com/ctm-sif-dat daily 0.75 2017-10-13 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1507857132254-346UBIFDIPLRLUTOXEAG/38+-+CTM+SIF+DAT+.jpg CTM SIF DAT https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1507857132254-346UBIFDIPLRLUTOXEAG/38+-+CTM+SIF+DAT+.jpg CTM SIF DAT http://www.rgube.com/rethinking-complex-refurbishment-project-attributes daily 0.75 2017-10-12 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1507850020013-ECA48JF5TB7OSR9MNYGD/29+-+Rethinking+Complex+Refurbishment+Project+Attributes.jpg Rethinking Complex Refurbishment Project Attributes https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1507850020013-ECA48JF5TB7OSR9MNYGD/29+-+Rethinking+Complex+Refurbishment+Project+Attributes.jpg Rethinking Complex Refurbishment Project Attributes http://www.rgube.com/robotic-foldable-houses daily 0.75 2017-10-13 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1507857172061-B4ICAL3V93RHNWZCCEP4/39+-+Robotic+Foldable+Houses+.jpg Robotic Foldable Houses https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1507857172061-B4ICAL3V93RHNWZCCEP4/39+-+Robotic+Foldable+Houses+.jpg Robotic Foldable Houses http://www.rgube.com/healthy-buildings daily 0.75 2017-10-12 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1507846899090-Q7XGHO3LZT4MA4GQQFM3/Healthy+Buildings+copy.jpg Healthy Buildings https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1507846899090-Q7XGHO3LZT4MA4GQQFM3/Healthy+Buildings+copy.jpg Healthy Buildings http://www.rgube.com/conflict-nz daily 0.75 2017-10-12 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1507850223692-9NCORDMKBOTF8JZI191Q/33+-+Conflict+NZ.jpg Managing Conflict in Engineering Projects - NZ https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1507850223692-9NCORDMKBOTF8JZI191Q/33+-+Conflict+NZ.jpg Managing Conflict in Engineering Projects - NZ http://www.rgube.com/34-graphical-visualization-principles daily 0.75 2017-10-12 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1507850289055-8OYE7D3T5JQMCGF0CP8B/34+-+Graphical+visualization+principles+.jpg Graphical Visualization Principles in Architectural Design https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1507850289055-8OYE7D3T5JQMCGF0CP8B/34+-+Graphical+visualization+principles+.jpg Graphical Visualization Principles in Architectural Design http://www.rgube.com/productivity-nz-construction daily 0.75 2017-10-13 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1507857210283-UBZXRIUQUO4A98CQETHM/40+-+Productivity+NZ+Construction+.jpg Productivity - NZ Construction https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1507857210283-UBZXRIUQUO4A98CQETHM/40+-+Productivity+NZ+Construction+.jpg Productivity - NZ Construction http://www.rgube.com/bim-execution-plan-uk-smes daily 0.75 2017-10-13 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1507857252479-AEFHLBYZ1FB6VZA74MNN/41+-+BIM+Execution+SME+UK+.jpg BIM Execution Plan - UK SMEs https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1507857252479-AEFHLBYZ1FB6VZA74MNN/41+-+BIM+Execution+SME+UK+.jpg BIM Execution Plan - UK SMEs http://www.rgube.com/auckland-citys-future-direction daily 0.75 2017-10-12 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1507840203679-SO4VJXR11G1TO5UNAPC8/Auckland+city+square+copy.jpg Auckland City's Future Direction https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1507840203679-SO4VJXR11G1TO5UNAPC8/Auckland+city+square+copy.jpg Auckland City's Future Direction http://www.rgube.com/bim-complex-refurbishment daily 0.75 2017-10-12 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1507849726312-1SXBIHRURYM3DSG0PU02/27+-+BIM+%26+Complex+Refurb.jpg BIM & Complex Refurbishment https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1507849726312-1SXBIHRURYM3DSG0PU02/27+-+BIM+%26+Complex+Refurb.jpg BIM & Complex Refurbishment http://www.rgube.com/new-gallery daily 0.75 2017-10-12 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1507849975397-MFUXT50GVI62EOXVUKD3/28+-+Construction+Time+Management+and+Its+Influencing-Factors.jpg Construction Time Management & Influencing Factors https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1507849975397-MFUXT50GVI62EOXVUKD3/28+-+Construction+Time+Management+and+Its+Influencing-Factors.jpg Construction Time Management & Influencing Factors http://www.rgube.com/green-building-issues-challenges-barriers daily 0.75 2017-10-12 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1507850133622-DJ6P36WBDPI1ZF8VJ30K/31+-+Green+Building+Issues%2C+Challenges+and+Barriers.jpg Green Building Issues, Challenges & Barriers https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1507850133622-DJ6P36WBDPI1ZF8VJ30K/31+-+Green+Building+Issues%2C+Challenges+and+Barriers.jpg Green Building Issues, Challenges & Barriers http://www.rgube.com/bim-education-nz daily 0.75 2017-10-12 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1507850419539-ENFK1L4H696ZJGPE4IXP/36+-+BIM+education+NZ+.jpg BIM Education - NZ https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1507850419539-ENFK1L4H696ZJGPE4IXP/36+-+BIM+education+NZ+.jpg BIM Education - NZ http://www.rgube.com/future-nz-bim-needs daily 0.75 2017-10-12 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1507850083740-UG1YE1F5YL53ZGG90GGL/30+-+Future+BIM+needs+NZ.jpg Future NZ BIM Needs https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1507850083740-UG1YE1F5YL53ZGG90GGL/30+-+Future+BIM+needs+NZ.jpg Future NZ BIM Needs http://www.rgube.com/ipd-nz daily 0.75 2017-10-12 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1507850167791-8XNW6J3VNJR2AEVAJ97H/32+-+IPD+NZ.jpg Integrated Project Delivery NZ https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1507850167791-8XNW6J3VNJR2AEVAJ97H/32+-+IPD+NZ.jpg Integrated Project Delivery NZ http://www.rgube.com/urban-walkability daily 0.75 2018-09-22 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1507856203574-YA2UOO3W4ISD2ZE9OS80/why+do+people+walk+copy.jpg Urban Walkability Unlike walkability studies, pedestrians’ sensory experience during walking received less focus. Literature suggests significant link between sensory experience and sensory pleasure that consists of sensations that are initially perceived solely by human’s five senses without further rationalization. In each walking trip, pedestrians face variety of physical and social attributes exist in urban space that impacts them sensory. However, which of the attributes causing sensory experience or in what degree they impact the pedestrians in widely unknown. In this paper, by reviewing the existing studies, we identified 20 social and physical attributes with their 189 variables. Theoretical mapping and statistical analysis using the variables and senses shows that sight (91%) has the highest capacity to be influenced by the urban space followed by Touch (57.14%), Hearing (33.86%), Smell (18.51%) and Taste (11.11%). Additionally, the result of this review reveals areas of the research that could be focused on for further studies. Current output: Publication https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1507856203574-YA2UOO3W4ISD2ZE9OS80/why+do+people+walk+copy.jpg Urban Walkability Unlike walkability studies, pedestrians’ sensory experience during walking received less focus. Literature suggests significant link between sensory experience and sensory pleasure that consists of sensations that are initially perceived solely by human’s five senses without further rationalization. In each walking trip, pedestrians face variety of physical and social attributes exist in urban space that impacts them sensory. However, which of the attributes causing sensory experience or in what degree they impact the pedestrians in widely unknown. In this paper, by reviewing the existing studies, we identified 20 social and physical attributes with their 189 variables. Theoretical mapping and statistical analysis using the variables and senses shows that sight (91%) has the highest capacity to be influenced by the urban space followed by Touch (57.14%), Hearing (33.86%), Smell (18.51%) and Taste (11.11%). Additionally, the result of this review reveals areas of the research that could be focused on for further studies. Current output: Publication http://www.rgube.com/daylight-in-atriums daily 0.75 2017-10-12 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1507842816905-GAAD607W18MKS7Z6CAXH/Autrium+Daylight+copy.jpg Daylight in Atriums https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1507842816905-GAAD607W18MKS7Z6CAXH/Autrium+Daylight+copy.jpg Daylight in Atriums http://www.rgube.com/new-gallery-4 daily 0.75 2017-10-12 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1507850363254-TLC6DNWZ0F8GAH1EUR88/35+-+EEG+.jpg EEG-based BMS for Disabled Users https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1507850363254-TLC6DNWZ0F8GAH1EUR88/35+-+EEG+.jpg EEG-based BMS for Disabled Users http://www.rgube.com/news- daily 0.75 2018-09-23 http://www.rgube.com/news-/german-newzealand-chamber-of-commerce-business-conference monthly 0.5 2018-09-23 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1537675874766-FVEAEKZQLM3QLIIVGGN0/https_%252F%252Fcdn.evbuc.com%252Fimages%252F49021810%252F183608813402%252F1%252Foriginal.jpg News - Business Conference & Showcase: “Trans technological energy solutions for industrial sector in Australia and New Zealand“ http://www.rgube.com/news-/tag/Ali+GhaffarianHoseini monthly 0.5 http://www.rgube.com/news-/tag/Amirhosein+GhaffarianHoseini monthly 0.5 http://www.rgube.com/news-/tag/Sustainability+%26+Industry monthly 0.5 http://www.rgube.com/news-/tag/German-New+Zealand+Chamber+of+Commerce monthly 0.5 http://www.rgube.com/news-/tag/Business+Conference monthly 0.5 http://www.rgube.com/urban-energy-thermal-performance daily 0.75 2019-03-30 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1553072212899-1FFUHK1XWT601PXYJF8C/09+-+URBAN+ENERGY+THERMAL+PERFORMANCE.jpg URBAN ENERGY THERMAL PERFORMANCE 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http://www.rgube.com/bim-for-pipe-installation daily 0.75 2019-03-24 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1553390446669-TIB6Y8ZETF37HODPE9QQ/55+-++BIM+FOR+PIPE+INSTALLATION.jpg BIM FOR PIPE INSTALLATION https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1553390446669-TIB6Y8ZETF37HODPE9QQ/55+-++BIM+FOR+PIPE+INSTALLATION.jpg BIM FOR PIPE INSTALLATION http://www.rgube.com/green-building-design daily 0.75 2019-03-24 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1553390586730-G5BBXTV6XSTQK2S0I0KU/59+-++GREEN+BUILDING+DESIGN.jpg GREEN BUILDING DESIGN https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1553390586730-G5BBXTV6XSTQK2S0I0KU/59+-++GREEN+BUILDING+DESIGN.jpg GREEN BUILDING DESIGN http://www.rgube.com/smart-cities daily 0.75 2019-03-24 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1553390647364-M75Q5HFUSKFUZ4JL5HR2/61+-++SMART+CITIES.jpg SMART CITIES https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1553390647364-M75Q5HFUSKFUZ4JL5HR2/61+-++SMART+CITIES.jpg SMART CITIES http://www.rgube.com/bamboo-materials-for-housing-construction daily 0.75 2019-03-24 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1553391373172-6CI34ERDR12V0XAZ52NL/86+-+BAMBOO+MATERIALS+FOR+HOUSING+CONSTRUCTION.jpg BAMBOO MATERIALS FOR HOUSING CONSTRUCTION https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1553391373172-6CI34ERDR12V0XAZ52NL/86+-+BAMBOO+MATERIALS+FOR+HOUSING+CONSTRUCTION.jpg BAMBOO MATERIALS FOR HOUSING CONSTRUCTION http://www.rgube.com/lean-construction-and-bim daily 0.75 2019-03-24 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1553391423255-XP99PDDMUJ0F1OFSBLDP/88+-+LEAN+CONSTRUCTION+AND+BIM.jpg LEAN CONSTRUCTION AND BIM https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1553391423255-XP99PDDMUJ0F1OFSBLDP/88+-+LEAN+CONSTRUCTION+AND+BIM.jpg LEAN CONSTRUCTION AND BIM http://www.rgube.com/new-gallery-5 daily 0.75 2019-03-13 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1552519775720-YVW1MTM289DG49W6H7OK/01+-+Auckland+Residential+Housing.jpg Auckland Residential Housing https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1552519687688-CL30V6MRTP843H22GWQQ/01+-+Auckland+Residential+Housing.jpg Auckland Residential Housing http://www.rgube.com/vertical-farming daily 0.75 2019-03-24 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1553387018259-1L55QE1NT14VPB9VMXFW/30+-++VERTICAL+FARMING+.jpg VERTICAL FARMING https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1553387018259-1L55QE1NT14VPB9VMXFW/30+-++VERTICAL+FARMING+.jpg VERTICAL FARMING http://www.rgube.com/iot-and-big-data daily 0.75 2019-03-24 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1553387160884-663WD5X53B2B8Q3HTSNM/33+-++IOT+AND+BIG+DATA+.jpg IOT AND BIG DATA https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1553387160884-663WD5X53B2B8Q3HTSNM/33+-++IOT+AND+BIG+DATA+.jpg IOT AND BIG DATA http://www.rgube.com/marine-energy daily 0.75 2019-03-24 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1553390808829-5GMH2900LH97KC7JZAQP/67+-++MARINE+ENERGY+.jpg MARINE ENERGY https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1553390808829-5GMH2900LH97KC7JZAQP/67+-++MARINE+ENERGY+.jpg MARINE ENERGY http://www.rgube.com/autoclaved-aerated-concrete daily 0.75 2019-03-24 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1553390837243-61PRCYRXLPILN3WNWLHD/68+-+AUTOCLAVED+AERATED+CONCRETE+.jpg AUTOCLAVED AERATED CONCRETE https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1553390837243-61PRCYRXLPILN3WNWLHD/68+-+AUTOCLAVED+AERATED+CONCRETE+.jpg AUTOCLAVED AERATED CONCRETE http://www.rgube.com/sustainable-energy daily 0.75 2019-03-24 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1553391110947-U73FOJRLHVF51GHFY2E0/77+-+SUSTAINABLE+ENERGY.jpg SUSTAINABLE ENERGY https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1553391110947-U73FOJRLHVF51GHFY2E0/77+-+SUSTAINABLE+ENERGY.jpg SUSTAINABLE ENERGY http://www.rgube.com/sustainable-community daily 0.75 2019-03-24 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1553391449093-JI6GUDK0ZYZ9H61SNDS2/89+-+SUSTAINABLE+COMMUNITY.jpg SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITY https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1553391449093-JI6GUDK0ZYZ9H61SNDS2/89+-+SUSTAINABLE+COMMUNITY.jpg SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITY http://www.rgube.com/new-gallery-80 daily 0.75 2019-03-14 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1553031215779-VNIMA9JZCLEOS5PVVI0B/02+-+BUILDING+INFORMATION+MODELLING+FOR+REFURBISHMENT.jpg New Gallery https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1552522774611-ZM8209YCOSCDXZILBAOG/02+-+BUILDING+INFORMATION+MODELLING+FOR+REFURBISHMENT.jpg New Gallery http://www.rgube.com/environmental-management daily 0.75 2019-03-20 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1553081495145-V0KIQ5CXLYO2U6ELMFOP/13+-+ENVIRONMENTAL+MANAGEMENT.jpg ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1553081489206-8M1WE5IT395APFMGOIYY/13+-+ENVIRONMENTAL+MANAGEMENT.jpg ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT http://www.rgube.com/green-building-1 daily 0.75 2019-03-23 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1553378160886-O6D04LG4OS09H5FYAEVE/24+-+GREEN+BUILDING.jpg GREEN BUILDING http://www.rgube.com/sustainable-housing-model daily 0.75 2019-03-24 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1553387060151-MJQW8QB0G3CCY6UQFTSC/31+-++SUSTAINABLE+HOUSING+MODEL+.jpg SUSTAINABLE HOUSING MODEL https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1553387060151-MJQW8QB0G3CCY6UQFTSC/31+-++SUSTAINABLE+HOUSING+MODEL+.jpg SUSTAINABLE HOUSING MODEL http://www.rgube.com/lean-manufacturing daily 0.75 2019-03-24 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1553390910742-UXSQT6TWXU0WK8TJASLF/70+-+LEAN+MANUFACTURING.jpg LEAN MANUFACTURING https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1553390910742-UXSQT6TWXU0WK8TJASLF/70+-+LEAN+MANUFACTURING.jpg LEAN MANUFACTURING http://www.rgube.com/green-stars daily 0.75 2019-03-24 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1553391262647-GIVG51ME7CKMFVP922CA/83+-+GREEN+STARS.jpg GREEN STARS https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1553391262647-GIVG51ME7CKMFVP922CA/83+-+GREEN+STARS.jpg GREEN STARS http://www.rgube.com/reverse-logistics daily 0.75 2019-03-20 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1553081380575-XYQFRWGQSVYCLQQ01EPK/11+-+REVERSE+LOGISTICS.jpg REVERSE LOGISTICS https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1553081380575-XYQFRWGQSVYCLQQ01EPK/11+-+REVERSE+LOGISTICS.jpg REVERSE LOGISTICS http://www.rgube.com/life-cycle-assessment daily 0.75 2019-03-20 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1553082125805-PDG1FFU9KYHINL9F94WS/25+-++LIFE+CYCLE+ASSESSMENT.jpg LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT http://www.rgube.com/solar-energy daily 0.75 2019-03-24 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1553390787430-ERTUVKBFIVEOH3C6WZ17/66+-++SOLAR+ENERGY.jpg SOLAR ENERGY 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MODELLING http://www.rgube.com/construction-risk-management daily 0.75 2019-03-20 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1553081725691-82IYI6TZCHJKS4QBIIV1/18+-+CONSTRUCTION+RISK+MANAGEMENT+.jpg CONSTRUCTION RISK MANAGEMENT https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1553082305874-I9IL0TP1XJZ1E4L4B5YW/18+-+CONSTRUCTION+RISK+MANAGEMENT+.jpg CONSTRUCTION RISK MANAGEMENT http://www.rgube.com/urban-heat-island-2 daily 0.75 2019-03-23 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1553377919603-Z4ULN4FJHJHXWBEMNSBN/19+-+URBAN+HEAT+ISLAND.jpg URBAN HEAT ISLAND http://www.rgube.com/green-building-and-smart-house daily 0.75 2019-03-24 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1553387919282-IMWM5I1K3RPGGR47BQO5/37+-++GREEN+BUILDING+AND+SMART+HOUSE.jpg GREEN BUILDING AND SMART HOUSE 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https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1553391146195-ALUA9YG5XB1HVV74EEKJ/78+-+AFFORDABLE+HOUSING.jpg AFFORDABLE HOUSING https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1553391146195-ALUA9YG5XB1HVV74EEKJ/78+-+AFFORDABLE+HOUSING.jpg AFFORDABLE HOUSING http://www.rgube.com/construction-cost-control-1 daily 0.75 2019-03-23 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1553378108611-Z6R4CFCE9GWRZO9R0LBR/23+-+CONSTRUCTION+COST+CONTROL.jpg CONSTRUCTION COST CONTROL http://www.rgube.com/intelligent-buildings-1 daily 0.75 2019-03-24 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1553389310479-YF7GM1DC37AJ7A4JP111/47+-++INTELLIGENT+BUILDINGS.jpg INTELLIGENT BUILDINGS https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1553389310479-YF7GM1DC37AJ7A4JP111/47+-++INTELLIGENT+BUILDINGS.jpg INTELLIGENT BUILDINGS http://www.rgube.com/efficiency-of-green-building daily 0.75 2019-03-24 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1553389363193-2QPLO5OYIVFVJ13YYDYN/49+-++EFFICIENCY+OF+GREEN+BUILDING.jpg EFFICIENCY OF GREEN BUILDING https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1553389363193-2QPLO5OYIVFVJ13YYDYN/49+-++EFFICIENCY+OF+GREEN+BUILDING.jpg EFFICIENCY OF GREEN BUILDING http://www.rgube.com/sustainable-construction-materials daily 0.75 2019-03-24 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1553390867206-L97OV4NAXH1FIDHKE0BO/69+-+SUSTAINABLE+CONSTRUCTION+MATERIALS.jpg SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1553390867206-L97OV4NAXH1FIDHKE0BO/69+-+SUSTAINABLE+CONSTRUCTION+MATERIALS.jpg SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS http://www.rgube.com/residential-heating-cooling daily 0.75 2019-03-24 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1553391088268-C1L3EAFQNHJHTB1VQXJ4/76+-+RESIDENTIAL+HEATING+COOLING.jpg RESIDENTIAL HEATING COOLING https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1553391088268-C1L3EAFQNHJHTB1VQXJ4/76+-+RESIDENTIAL+HEATING+COOLING.jpg RESIDENTIAL HEATING COOLING http://www.rgube.com/new-gallery-43 daily 0.75 2019-03-30 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1553031390961-EL0FDYEWWZVKPB9D6ZFX/05+-+BIM-BMS+INTEGRATION.jpg BIM-BMS INTEGRATION https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1553031347699-2QRSPQ8K3FP43WIDMAH1/05+-+BIM-BMS+INTEGRATION.jpg BIM-BMS INTEGRATION Nowadays, the building sector and people’s activities in buildings account for nearly 60% of the world’s electricity consumption. Wherein, the operation accounts for 87% of total costs in the whole building lifecycle. Hence, it is most efficient in enhancing the sustainable performance in this phase. However, the current information management process in building facilities O&M phase is extremely weak. Towards this problem, a resolution of proposing BIM-BMS integration was raised from the literature. Besides, the educational building was identified as the most suitable building type in New Zealand to test. In this regard, the research aims to investigate the effectiveness of BIM-BMS integration in managing existing educational building facilities in New Zealand. Due to the resolution belonging to a complex system, this study adopts a complexity theory. Considering this, a conceptual framework of nD BIM-IKBMS was given. In term of this, a mixed methods approach was adopted for this study in order to meet the objectives of the study. It is comprising of five stages of data collection: a documentation analysis was made to redefine the BIM related terminologies in a New Zealand context; then a focus group interview was conducted to obtain New Zealand specific barriers coupled with specific suggestions; based on the specific suggestions, a functional framework for the resolution was developed and verified on its interoperability and flexibility; under this framework, a process model was established, which was then adopted to develop a working prototype; once the working prototype was deployed in a pilot case, a thermal model was adapted for simulating the heating costs of the HVAC system in three scenarios. This simulation delivered the evaluation of the effectiveness of our system. The findings of this study revealed that the current New Zealand BIM adoption was still early while the majority of existing BMSs here were not intelligent enough to maintain the energy efficiency; it was further verified that the resolution is flexible and capable to be applied on the New Zealand’s situation in relation to educational facilities management; in results, this study identified that BMS saved 1.52% heating costs in a New Zealand educational building whereas BIM-BMS integration attributed a further 0.68% (totally 2.20%). To emphasize the uniqueness of this study, a New Zealand context was considered to conduct this study; whereas, a comparison to the results from other researchers all over the world was made to remain the generalization. Considering a wide-ranging variety of projects in different countries, building types, building systems, evaluation method, our findings are limited within the features of the pilot case. Other aspects were recommended in the future study for generalizing, complementing, and optimizing the outcomes of this study. Current output: PhD Thesis (2019) http://www.rgube.com/building-energy daily 0.75 2019-03-30 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1553081347236-MFJE06NENEDY631W0DHS/10+-+BUILDING+ENERGY.jpg BUILDING ENERGY https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1553930859522-W7Y7KYSAQQRESCV9J6BB/10+-+BUILDING+ENERGY.jpg BUILDING ENERGY http://www.rgube.com/robotic-sustainable-housing daily 0.75 2019-03-20 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1553081596740-AY4EBA00NYW10HJMR0Y8/15+-+ROBOTIC+SUSTAINABLE+HOUSING.jpg ROBOTIC SUSTAINABLE HOUSING https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1553081591773-Z250IU4RUP049EAU0LHG/15+-+ROBOTIC+SUSTAINABLE+HOUSING.jpg ROBOTIC SUSTAINABLE HOUSING http://www.rgube.com/bim-for-am daily 0.75 2019-03-20 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1553081672958-640FF57S6KD65R2U550W/17+-+BIM+FOR+AM.jpg BIM FOR AM 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https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1553387870567-EYI0X0R7JAFZIGEEIYM5/36+-++CONSTRUCTION+WASTE+MANAGEMENT.jpg CONSTRUCTION WASTE MANAGEMENT https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1553387887284-4K5FEY8O6BDOX33MBK7H/36+-++CONSTRUCTION+WASTE+MANAGEMENT.jpg CONSTRUCTION WASTE MANAGEMENT http://www.rgube.com/retrofitting daily 0.75 2019-03-24 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1553389216859-RFYOWYTLGW8SXB4IETKD/43+-++RETROFITTING.jpg RETROFITTING https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1553389216859-RFYOWYTLGW8SXB4IETKD/43+-++RETROFITTING.jpg RETROFITTING http://www.rgube.com/green-roof daily 0.75 2019-03-24 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1553389265312-QGNGR6YHUP50BPNJKUUO/45+-++GREEN+ROOF.jpg GREEN ROOF 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http://www.rgube.com/smart-traffic-lights-system daily 0.75 2019-03-24 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1553391221741-50NBOU40ATHAIEEZ19VU/81+-+SMART+TRAFFIC+LIGHTS+SYSTEM.jpg SMART TRAFFIC LIGHTS SYSTEM https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1553391221741-50NBOU40ATHAIEEZ19VU/81+-+SMART+TRAFFIC+LIGHTS+SYSTEM.jpg SMART TRAFFIC LIGHTS SYSTEM http://www.rgube.com/3d-pprinting daily 0.75 2019-03-20 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1553070519240-MMG4W39TRQZ0COATQH0Y/08+-+3D+PPRINTING.jpg 3D PPRINTING https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1553070519240-MMG4W39TRQZ0COATQH0Y/08+-+3D+PPRINTING.jpg 3D PPRINTING http://www.rgube.com/construction-management-implementation-of-bim daily 0.75 2019-03-20 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1553081634379-W39MB9KYVX01IBB379SR/16+-+CONSTRUCTION+MANAGEMENT+IMPLEMENTATION+OF+BIM.jpg 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2019-03-24 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1553390341754-C22DDH4FB0OLBGZQCAMT/52+-++GREEN+BUILDING+2.jpg GREEN BUILDING https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1553390341754-C22DDH4FB0OLBGZQCAMT/52+-++GREEN+BUILDING+2.jpg GREEN BUILDING http://www.rgube.com/green-buildings-1 daily 0.75 2019-03-24 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1553391475102-7475PDZ4AZS810FTHK8H/90+-+GREEN+BUILDINGS.jpg GREEN BUILDINGS https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1553391475102-7475PDZ4AZS810FTHK8H/90+-+GREEN+BUILDINGS.jpg GREEN BUILDINGS http://www.rgube.com/new-events daily 0.75 2019-04-01 http://www.rgube.com/new-events/2019/4/1/guest-talk-businessnz monthly 0.5 2019-05-13 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1554079337839-HMWUTCMZAFGN78XS5VEI/businessNZ.jpg New Events - Guest Talk: BusinessNZ Tina Schirr from BusinessNZ delivered a guest lecture on “The Status of Energy Efficiency and Built Environment Sustainability in NZ (Residential/Commercial Buildings)” to final-year students at AUT University on Friday (01-04-2018 @ 12pm-1pm) at WG907. Tina Schirr Senior Policy Advisor - Energy & Innovation, BusinessNZ Energy Council Tina is Senior Policy Advisor for Energy and Innovation at the BusinessNZ Energy Council (BEC). Among to others her work includes the World Energy Council's Energy Trilemma Framework, Energy Issue Maps, and Energy Innovation Framework as well as the content development and organisation of Asia-Pacific Energy Leaders’ Summit (2016 and 2018) and involvement in the cross-sector BEC Energy Scenarios Projects. Her fields of specialization include the energy industry, energy technology, energy policy and marketing. Prior to her position at the Business New Zealand Energy Council, Tina worked for enviaM in Germany, a subsidiary of RWE AG, where she was responsible for the purchasing and distribution of electricity and gas. From 2012-2013, she worked in Marketing and Distribution for STI Solar Technologie International GmbH, Germany. While there, she was responsible for rolling out new products across Europe. Tina holds a Master of Science (M.Sc.) Value Chain Management from the University of Technology, Chemnitz in Germany and a Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) Management of Energy Utilities from the University of Applied Sciences, Zwickau in Germany, including a semester at the University of Borås in Sweden studying International Marketing and Strategic Marketing. http://www.rgube.com/new-events/2018/11/30/most-read-papers monthly 0.5 2019-05-13 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1553663418631-KTCIDG6KT9XM8QZBDGZS/image-asset.jpeg New Events - Most read papers Three recent papers of Dr. Ali Ghaffarianhoseini and Dr. Amirhosein Ghaffarianhoseini, "SICK BUILDING SYNDROME + INTELLIGENT OR SMART CITIES AND BUILDINGS + WHAT IS AN INTELLIGENT BUILDING?", were featured in CIBSE Intelligent Building Group Newsletter 2018. CIBSE Intelligent Building Group Newsletter 2018: https://site.cibworld.nl/dl/publications/CIB_W098_CIBSE_IGB_Newsletter_summer18.pdf http://www.rgube.com/new-events/2018/11/6/receiver-of-aut-deans-research-excellence-award-of-2018-dr-amirhosein-ghaffarianhoseini monthly 0.5 2019-05-13 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1553661660792-YGI0JIV4PSCY6CC724A5/Ghaffarianhoseini+Dean+Research+Award.jpg New Events - Receiver of AUT Dean’s Research Excellence Award of 2018: Dr. Amirhosein Ghaffarianhoseini Dr. Amirhosein Ghaffarianhoseini from department of built environment engineering received the AUT Dean’s Research Excellence Award of 2018. http://www.rgube.com/new-events/2018/1/27/keynote-speech-nzaar monthly 0.5 2019-05-13 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1553464602417-6MKCA12Q3BJZ36KTS08M/nzaar.jpg New Events - Keynote Speech: NZAAR Dr. Amirhosein Ghaffarianhoseini from Auckland University of Technology delivered a keynote speech at the 4th NZAAR International Event Series on Natural and Built Environment, Cities, Sustainability and Advanced Engineering 2018 in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. http://www.rgube.com/new-events/2018/3/4/guest-talk-daniel-marshall-architects monthly 0.5 2019-05-13 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1553415843456-AGV0L6H42DJZY0KJRFSZ/webwxgetmsgimg2.jpg New Events - Guest Talk: Daniel Marshall Architects Daniel Marshall Architects delivered an industry guest speech to final-year students at AUT University on Friday (16-03-2018 @ 12pm-2pm) at WG607. Daniel Marshall Director BArch [hons], University of Auckland 1993 Registered Architect Associate of the New Zealand Institute of Architects http://www.rgube.com/new-events/2018/8/15/guest-talk-jasmax monthly 0.5 2019-05-13 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1553468145011-NYA6WPUA1QXZTZO895PU/jasmax.jpg New Events - Guest Talk: Jasmax Jasmax deliver a guest talk to undergrad final-year students at AUT University on Wednesday, 15-August-2018 - (14:30-16:30) @ WZ501. Jerome Partington Sustainability Manager - Associate Principal Practice Services, Auckland Jerome is passionate about the environment and has long been an advocate for sustainability. Focused on finding sustainable solutions that meet people’s needs without undermining our society or the bio-system, Jerome is one of the leading sustainability specialists in the country. He has worked in architectural practice and education for twenty years, with a strong practical construction and technology emphasis. Experience includes many building reuse projects, ecological based design and solar design. He has a wealth of experience in ‘eco’ building materials and systems. His first six years at Jasmax were spent delivering projects in the healthcare, commercial and cultural sectors. Since then he has been developing a strategic, goal led approach to sustainable design and practice, that helps remove barriers and obstacles to success. As an NZGBC Accredited Professional Jerome offers specific support and advice on Green Star projects and engages in project reviews using JEMS, recently certified to ISO 14001. He provided the sustainable design framework and guided the team to solutions for Te Uru Taumatua, the Tuhoe headquarters, which is targeting Living Building Challenge certification. This will be NZ’s most advanced restorative/ sustainable project. Jerome‘s role as Sustainability Manager is to ensure Jasmax's designs realise their potential for sustainable outcomes by using the innovative Integrated Sustainable Design (ISD) process which uses a systems world view to optimise outcomes, rather than traditional silo approach. He facilitates ISD sessions to “turbo-charge” projects to ensure it delivers sustainable outcomes. http://www.rgube.com/new-events/2019/3/7/guest-talk-cprw-architects monthly 0.5 2019-05-13 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1553411911582-H9YIQSE3L3XZ8S2E5OV6/CPRW.jpg New Events - Guest Talk: CPRW Architects CPRW Architects, invited by Dr. Amirhosein Ghaffarianhoseini, delivered a guest talk to undergrad final-year students at AUT University on Thursday, 07-March-2019 - (16:00-18:00) @ WS 315. Peta Drayton Associate Having had 2 stints, and a total of 11 years, living and working in London, I returned to New Zealand in 2013. I’ve been lucky enough to work with a huge variety of people – clients, consultants and colleagues – which has made my 20 years in architectural practice enlightening and always entertaining. Both in the UK and in NZ I have had the opportunity to work on a range of fantastic projects from larger scale commercial buildings and a house for a premier league footballer, to retail and corporate fitouts and multi-unit residential developments. I love to travel, but in NZ you will find me doing DIY projects, sailing and occasionally dabbling in a new interest in fishing…. all of which need to fit around playing as much tennis as possible. Luciano Velocci Ciao. In the 9 years since I graduated with a Bachelor of Architecture degree, I have been involved in all stages of commercial interior design projects from inception through to completion, including functional briefing, envisioning workshops, space planning, developed design documentation and construction observation. 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OLD - Aqeel Ahmed (Master student) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1463525797141-XOYSQ9E1K9MI207RYGR2/Puneet+circle.jpg Research Team - OLD - Puneet Nagar (Master student) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1463037833568-NXYGVG8LL3ZMV4UMIY64/Wei+Chen+Circle.jpg Research Team - OLD - Chen Wei (Master student) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1463526075190-350JHYWSWOF7I24L3YC5/Trinh+circl.jpg Research Team - OLD - Dang Trong Trinh (Master student) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1463525716002-HCLSE6HWQD2IG89K9L2A/Yang+Yu+circle.jpg Research Team - OLD - Yang Yu (Master student) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1463043361953-SEOQRQDGUZTSQVIPJZHO/Parth+Circle.jpg Research Team - OLD - Parth Kapadiya (Master student) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1463043404061-IP7YG1WX9C154F3CRT69/Hanzhi+Dao+Circle.jpg Research Team - OLD - Hanzhi Dao (Master student) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1463181119577-10JJZ5XLXBC6JWFONWNF/Yibin+circle.jpg Research Team - OLD - Yibin Zhu (Master student) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1463286026209-237D1ZQSZ3NNTIBVXZF7/Pranit.jpg Research Team - OLD https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1463523551263-6HZMPVEID2CJ184NGMI5/Adwait+circle.jpg Research Team - OLD - Adwait Anil Karale (Master student) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1463010163642-CKRI8GJML3GBY95NSM4I/Nicolas+Fornes+circle.jpg Research Team - OLD - Nicolas Fornes (Graduate intern) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1463006931615-KVG74TGKQ07REGUFBWS9/Simon+Cricle.jpg Research Team - OLD - Simon Vaillant (Graduate intern) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1463008112749-QPPGUWDZM5X9G9AIXVQD/Alexandre+Valls-B%C3%A9jar+circle.jpg Research Team - OLD - Alexandre Valls-Béjar (Graduate intern) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1463010496734-LUF1VUY3OSM9K49EFZ64/Marius.jpg Research Team - OLD - Marius Theau (Graduate intern) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1463008548069-CBCSDPVY9BFG3ZXXALRK/Ivan+Circle.jpg Research Team - OLD - Ivan Gashko (Master graduate) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1463008419174-LYQHCQQJ127D2Z4ZWSBI/Yang+GU_circle.jpg Research Team - OLD - Yang Gu (Master graduate) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1463096771296-DZW1489IF1JIMB2VC0UC/NAGARJUNA+REDDY+MATLURU+Circle.jpg Research Team - OLD - NagarJuna Reddy (Master graduate) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1463392498713-AXGUT0XSDIMG8BB0A8GD/Le+Minh+Trung+Circle.jpg Research Team - OLD - Minh Trung Le (Master graduate) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1463181711449-276A1PBEIUTSLZZIBWVX/Khushal+circle.jpg Research Team - OLD - Khushhal Karsan (Master graduate) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1463181735298-1Z8YVA3FFAB156YQ7BE3/Suria+Circle.jpg Research Team - OLD - Suria Kiran (Master graduate) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1463526592404-OU3AU69M0FD9K2JW91LS/Rahum+circle.jpg Research Team - OLD - Rahul Menon (Master graduate) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1463008372654-DDG825D0LYYW93O2NKN6/no%2Bprofile.jpg Research Team - OLD - Michael Wu (Master graduate) http://www.rgube.com/contact daily 0.75 2018-09-22 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1462166364838-BOPTJSWOSV2F6WPLO2A5/image-asset.jpeg Contact http://www.rgube.com/international-advisory-board daily 0.75 2016-05-08 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1536906021132-50V2LQPENC2MXBQM66GB/LinkedIn+02.jpg International Advisory Board http://www.rgube.com/rgubelab daily 0.75 2018-09-21 http://www.rgube.com/international-academic-engagement daily 0.75 2018-09-23 http://www.rgube.com/news daily 0.75 2016-12-18 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1482078317676-AZFB2UGOA8FULHHCEZVO/NZAAR%2BConference%2BPhotos28.jpg News https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1482078424079-DQNM62X475OS6KBS4VPM/NZAAR%2BConference%2BPhotos28.jpg News http://www.rgube.com/newss daily 0.75 2016-12-18 http://www.rgube.com/teaching-1 daily 0.75 2018-09-25 http://www.rgube.com/new-page daily 0.75 2019-03-11 http://www.rgube.com/bim-directory daily 0.75 2019-03-13 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1552514969544-OUOXYZE8ILXKRVIWAV3B/Picture1.png BIM DIRECTORY http://www.rgube.com/ae-lab daily 0.75 2019-03-13 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1552515578080-JKT84N9VQKMKMWXJ750S/Picture2.png AE LAB http://www.rgube.com/new-page-1 daily 0.75 2019-03-13 http://www.rgube.com/publications-by-year daily 0.75 2021-10-01 http://www.rgube.com/cv-ali daily 0.75 2019-04-04 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1554415578385-AHEHQGJCCRF591BYZT23/LinkedIn.jpg Ali's CV Dr Ali Ghaffarian (AUT, NZ) http://www.rgube.com/about-wexley daily 0.75 2024-08-16 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1692838658129-N6S0RK5ZUI3KWSAQR1S0/image-asset.jpeg About http://www.rgube.com/rgube-portfolio-copy daily 0.75 2023-08-24 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1692836566155-0VFNT3YRP2W0JCSCR8ML/image-asset.jpeg RGUBE Portfolio (Copy) - Infrastructure Sustainability & Resilience https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1692835687348-WW4YY5SVVGI0PGKK91OG/image-asset.jpeg RGUBE Portfolio (Copy) - Training & Workshops https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1692836003858-MLWM4708A0AWMIX2PFYI/image-asset.jpeg RGUBE Portfolio (Copy) - Architectural Design https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1692839349749-GDXLWYGMN65XNF6ZM2TU/image-asset.jpeg RGUBE Portfolio (Copy) - Policy & Strategy Analysis https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1692835964751-BVULZ1Y24LF2ZGMLZIFR/image-asset.jpeg RGUBE Portfolio (Copy) - Sustainable Urban Planning & Design https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1692836102330-VW9SH9NKT0C8UY5FKQH6/image-asset.jpeg RGUBE Portfolio (Copy) - Parametric Modelling & Simulation Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1692836327603-QTSRIGFUWEZ8O8W6ZCBW/image-asset.jpeg RGUBE Portfolio (Copy) - Green Building consultation https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1692835625929-DG0C4NFXUNFL8V0B2WM0/image-asset.jpeg RGUBE Portfolio (Copy) - Research Development & Knowledge Dissemination https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1692835825935-NT08NX5Q8RFX75R1OMZJ/image-asset.jpeg RGUBE Portfolio (Copy) - Technology Induction & Integration https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1692836048978-PKQQTS1N02XP1UWIE8W4/image-asset.jpeg RGUBE Portfolio (Copy) - Digital Twins Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1692835866857-L3XOOT5DG8LV55SR86T6/image-asset.jpeg RGUBE Portfolio (Copy) - Building Intelligence & Performance https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1692836190764-53XG5FV4NKBAFDF6FXKZ/image-asset.jpeg RGUBE Portfolio (Copy) - Mobility & Transport Innovations https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1692836418673-MCD4CTW8ZRJQMOONVQ0A/image-asset.jpeg RGUBE Portfolio (Copy) - Urban Microclimate & Thermal Comfort http://www.rgube.com/contact-rgube daily 0.75 2024-08-17 http://www.rgube.com/rgube-portfolio daily 1.0 2024-08-16 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1692835687348-WW4YY5SVVGI0PGKK91OG/image-asset.jpeg Portfolio - Training & Workshops https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1692835866857-L3XOOT5DG8LV55SR86T6/image-asset.jpeg Portfolio - Building Intelligence & Performance https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1692836418673-MCD4CTW8ZRJQMOONVQ0A/image-asset.jpeg Portfolio - Urban Microclimate & Thermal Comfort https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1692839349749-GDXLWYGMN65XNF6ZM2TU/image-asset.jpeg Portfolio - Policy & Strategy Analysis https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1692835964751-BVULZ1Y24LF2ZGMLZIFR/image-asset.jpeg Portfolio - Sustainable Urban Planning & Design https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1692836327603-QTSRIGFUWEZ8O8W6ZCBW/image-asset.jpeg Portfolio - Green Building consultation https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/6e4725ef-aba5-410b-b01e-1c9800dd4e63/pexels-photo-2921137.jpeg Portfolio - Research Development & Knowledge Dissemination https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/605a8570-6abb-4d7f-aa42-f5e194548877/pexels-steve-9874642.jpg Portfolio - special issues https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/6ca0490b-6960-4a09-b948-83d512c2f750/free-photo-of-an-artist-s-illustration-of-artificial-intelligence-ai-this-image-represents-the-concept-of-artificial-general-intelligence-agi-it-was-created-by-domhnall-malone-as-part-of.jpeg Portfolio - Parametric Modelling & Simulation https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1692844868324-7F46GO1GTXN6YAVNGXRS/image-asset.jpeg Portfolio - artificial intelligence https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1692835825935-NT08NX5Q8RFX75R1OMZJ/image-asset.jpeg Portfolio - Technology Induction https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1692836048978-PKQQTS1N02XP1UWIE8W4/image-asset.jpeg Portfolio - Digital Twins Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1692836190764-53XG5FV4NKBAFDF6FXKZ/image-asset.jpeg Portfolio - Mobility & Transport Innovations https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1692836566155-0VFNT3YRP2W0JCSCR8ML/image-asset.jpeg Portfolio - Infrastructure Sustainability & Resilience https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1692836003858-MLWM4708A0AWMIX2PFYI/image-asset.jpeg Portfolio - Architectural Design http://www.rgube.com/services daily 0.75 2023-08-13 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/0ea57368-58ad-4c04-bd99-7d66519518de/pexels-photo-669610.jpeg Services Research Development http://www.rgube.com/services-1 daily 0.75 2023-08-23 http://www.rgube.com/service daily 0.75 2023-08-24 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1692835184264-WQZU8BY4CG7YGD3OM1ZJ/image-asset.jpeg Service - academics https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/57246f4286db4345e724887d/1692836941931-9X4PMUSWM0EZ0BWXFBDI/image-asset.jpeg Service - CONSULTANCY